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Nursing 206 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hypovolemia?

A

Fluid volume deficit

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2
Q

What are symptoms of hypovolemia?

A

-Thirst
-Dry mucous membranes
-Confusion, restlessness
-Cold/clammy skin
-Postural hypotension, tachycardia
-Decreased/concentrated urine output
-Weakness
-Weight loss
-Sunken eyeballs

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3
Q

What are symptoms of hypervolemia?

A

-Bounding pulse
-Hypertension (HTN)
-Confusion
-Headache
-Dyspnea, crackles, pulmonary edema
-Weight gain
-Pitting edema
-Polyuria
-Difficulty concentrating/irritability

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4
Q

What are the different acid-base imbalances?

A

-Respiratory acidosis (increased PaCO2)
-Metabolic acidosis (decreased HCO3)
-Respiratory alkalosis (decreased PaCO2)
-Metabolic alkalosis (increased HCO3)

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5
Q

What are symptoms of respiratory acidosis?

A

-Warm, flushed skin
-Seizures
-Hypoventilation
-Hypoxia

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6
Q

What are symptoms of respiratory alkalosis?

A

-Dizziness, lightheadedness
-Diarrhea, epigastric pain
-Numbness
-Hyperreflexia
-Hyperventilation (paper bag)

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7
Q

What are symptoms of metabolic acidosis?

A

-Cold, clammy skin
-Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
-Muscle weakness
-Deep, rapid respirations

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8
Q

Whata re symptoms of metabolic alkalosis?

A

-Irritability, lethargy
-Anorexia
-Tremors, muscle cramps
-Seizures
-Hypoventilation

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9
Q

What are symptoms of hypernatremia?

A

-Thirst
-Change in LOC (confusion)
-Restlessness
-Seizures

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10
Q

What are symptoms of hyponatremia?

A

-Headache
-Difficulty concentrating/irritability
-Confusion
-Seizures
-Coma

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11
Q

What are symptoms od hyperkalemia?

A

-Muscle cramps/weakness
-Diarrhea/vomiting
-ECG changes (arrhythmias)
-Decreased reflexes (late)

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12
Q

What are symptoms of hypokalemia?

A

-Muscle cramps/weakness
-Soft/flabby muscles
-Decreased DTRs
-Constipation/paralytic ileus
-ECG changes (arrhythmias)
-Coma

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of hypercalcemia?

A

-Decreased bone density (bone pain/fractures)
-Depressed DTRs
-ECG changes (arrhythmias)
-Nephrolithiasis
-Seizures
-Coma

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14
Q

What are symptoms of hypocalcemia?

A

-ECG changes (arrhythmias)
-Spasms (laryngeal) and stridor
-Numbness (fingers, face, mouth, limbs)
-Tetany (+Chvostek’s, +Trousseau’s)
-Irritability

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15
Q

Whata re the symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

A

-Hypotension, bradycardia
-Facial flushing/warm skin
-Urinary retention
-Confusion
-Decreased DTRs

**LOW

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16
Q

What are symptoms of hypomagensemia

A

-Tetany, Hyperactive DTRs (+Chvostek’s, +Trousseau’s)
-HTN, tachycardia
-Paresthesia
-Muscle cramps/tremors
-Seizures

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17
Q

When is homeostasis seen?

A

-With changed in perfusion
-Gas exchange
-Mobility
-Cognition

18
Q

How much body weight is water in adults?

A

50-60%

19
Q

What factors determine water content?

A

-Body mass
-Gender
-Age

20
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A

Fluid in spaces between cells

21
Q

What is intravascular fluid?

A

Liquid part of blood – plasma

22
Q

What is transcellular fluid?

A

-Joint space fluid
-CSF
-Pleural fluid

23
Q

What are the hypotonic solutions?

A

0.45% NaCl

24
Q

What are the isotonic solutions?

A

-D5W
-0.9% NaCl

25
Q

What are the hypertonic solutions?

A

D10W
3% NaCl

26
Q

What is the range for HCO3 (anion)

A

22-26

27
Q

What is the range for Cl (anion)

A

98-106

28
Q

What is the range for PO43 (anion)

A

3.0 - 4.5

29
Q

What is the range for total Ca+ (cation)

A

9.0 - 10.5

30
Q

What is the range for Ionized Ca+ (cation)

A

4.5 - 5.6

31
Q

What is the range for Mg+ (cation)

A

1.3 - 2.1

32
Q

What is the range for K+ (cation)

A

3.5 - 5.0

33
Q

What is the range for Na+ (cation)

A

136 - 145

34
Q

What is the range for BUN (kidneys)

A

10 - 20

35
Q

What do isotonic solutions treat

A

-Fluid and Na+ loss
-Diarrhea/vomiting
-Surgery
-Burns
-GI fluid loss (NG tube suction)
-Hypovolemia

36
Q

How do iso solutions work?

A

Only expand the ECF (doesn’t move into cell)

37
Q

What does 3% NaCl treat?

A

Hypernatremia
Head injuries

38
Q

What does D10W treat

A

Parenteral nutrition (food replacement

39
Q

How do hyper solutions work

A

draws water out of cells into ECF

40
Q

What does 0.45% NaCl treat

A

hypernatremia

41
Q

What does D5W treat? (hypotonically)

A

short term calorie replacement
-NPO (water loss) pts

42
Q

Why are hypo solutions not used as daily replacement

A

It depletes ECF and decreases BP

Nursing 206 (4 decks)

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