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NSV10 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what the following stages of infection mean:

-Incubation Period
-Prodromal Stage
-Full Stage of Illness
-Convalescent Period

A

-Incubation Period: Organisms growing and multiplying.
-Prodromal Stage: Person is most infections without symptoms.
-Full Stage of Illness: Presence of signs and symptoms.
-Convalescent Period: Recovery from infection.

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2
Q

Define the following terms:

-Zoonosis
-Chemotaxis

A
  • Migration of disease from animals to humans.
    -Migration of WBCs to injury site.
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3
Q

Which medications decrease contraceptive effect?

A

-Penicillins
-Tetracycline

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4
Q

Which medications will you take on empty stomach?
MTF

A

-Macrolides
-Tetracycline
-Fluoroquinolones

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5
Q

Which medications cause photosensitivity?
FTS

A

-Fluoroquinolones
-Tetracycline
-Sulfamides

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6
Q

Which medications are super ototoxic and nephrotoxic?
-D
VGN

A

-Drugs ending in -mycin
* Vancomycin
*Gentamicin
*Neomycin

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7
Q

Penicillin & Cephalosporins mixing:
CC
Common side effects?
DB

A

-Cannot mix both.
-Can cause anaphylaxis allergy, mostly penicillin.

-ceph: Diarrhea
-cillins: Bleeding (monitor platelet count).

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8
Q

What do you do when there’s an allergic reaction to a medication?
SAE

A

STOP
ASSESS TYPE OF REACTION
EPINEPHRINE

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9
Q

Vancomycin: What can happen from too rapid infusion?
R - H - I
What can you not mix it with?
V

A
  • Red man’s syndrome
  • Hypotension
  • Itching
  • Very toxic in combination of aminoglycosides.
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10
Q

Macrolides:
ECH

A
  • End in -thromycin
  • Causes prolonged QT intervals.
  • Hepatotoxic
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11
Q

Tetracyclines:
ENTPHA

A

-End in -cycline.
- Not pregnancy safe.
- Tooth discoloration.
- Photosensitivity.
- Hepatotoxicity.
- Avoid calcium.

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12
Q

Sulfonamides:
B/P/U/I/T

A

Begin with -sulfa.
- Photosensitivity
- Urine crystals (kidney stones)
- Increase water intake
- Take folic acid

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13
Q

Fluoroquinolones:
E/A/T/P

A

-End in -floxacin.
-Avoid antacids.
-Tendon rupture.
-Prolonged QT interval.

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14
Q

Aminoglycosides:
E/P/O/N

A

End in -mycin/-micin
- Photosensitivity.
- Ototoxicity.
- Nephrotoxicity.

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15
Q

Antituberculars: Isoniazid: Reactions:
GPTPH

A
  • GI distress.
  • Photosensitivity.
  • Tinnitus.
  • Paresthesias.
  • Hepatotoxicity.
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16
Q

Antituberculars:
-Streptomycin: ON
-Rifampin: R
-Ethambutol: V

A
  • Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity.
  • Red body fluids.
  • Visual disturbances.
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17
Q

Antifungals:
- Nystatin: SG
- Amphotericin B: FBGS

A

-Swish and swallow.
-Gargle if mouth is affected.
- Fever, BP imbalance, GI Distress, Seizures.

18
Q

Antivirals:
-Amantidine & Rimantadine: IDAC

A
  • Insomnia
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Confusion
19
Q

Antivirals:
Acyclovir: NDH

A
  • Nephrotoxic
  • Delivered thru IV over 1hr
  • Hyperplasia
20
Q

Antimalarials:
Nursing Interventions:
MTA

A

-Monitor kidney and liver function
-Take w/ meals
-Avoid alcohol

21
Q

Atelectasis: C/A/A
Cause: F/T/I
Clinical manifestations: D/A
Commonality: B/P

A

Collapsed, airless alveoli.
Foreign bodies, tumors, immobility.
Diminished/absent breath sounds
Bedridden/post-op surgery.

22
Q

Atelectasis treatment: DCIE

A

Deep breathing
Coughing
Incentive spirometer
Early mobility

23
Q

Pneumonia Risk factors: A/S/A
Pneumonia Clinical manifestations: C/D/C/F

A

Abdominal/thoracic surgery
Smoking
Air pollution

Cough
Dyspnea
Chest pain
Fine/course crackles

24
Q

COPD Risk factors: S/D/R/A

A

Smoking, dust (inhalation), recurring respiratory infections, aging.

25
Q

COPD Clinical manifestations: E/U/T/W/B/I/N

A

Easily fatigued
Use of accessory muscles
Thin appearance
Wheezing breath sounds
Barrel chest
Increased expiratory times
Nail clubbing

26
Q

COPD Diagnostic studies: S/X/A/6

A

Spirometry
XRAY
ABGs
6 min walk test

27
Q

Bronchodilators: Albuterol
Action: D
Uses: A/A
Side Effects: H/R/T/T

A

Dilates the airways.
Used for asthma, acute bronchospasm.
Headache, rhinitis, tachycardia, tremors.

28
Q

Glucocorticoids (Steroids):
Action: A
Side Effects: T/H/I/M/W

A

Anti-inflammatory effect.

Throat irritation.
Hyperglycemia.
Insomnia.
Moon face.
Weight gain.

29
Q

Antitussives:
Action: S

A

Suppresses cough reflex.

30
Q

Expectorants:
Action: L/A

A

Loosens bronchial secretions.
Allows elimination by coughing.

31
Q

Loop Diuretics:
Action: R/D/W
Side Effects: O/H/I
Pt. Teaching: D/R

A

Reduce hypertension, decrease edema, wastes potassium.

Orthostatic hypotension, hypokalemia, increased BUN and creatinine.

Do not take at bedtime.
Rise slowly from sitting position.

32
Q

Cardiac Glycosides: Digoxin
Action: I/D/D/I/I

A

Increases heart contractibility.
Decreases heart rate.
Decreases conduction.
Increases stroke volume.
Increases cardiac output.

33
Q

Cardiac Glycosides: Digoxin
Side Effects: B/A/H/D
Nursing Interventions: M.S/M.E

A

Bradycardia.
Anorexia.
Headache.
Dizziness.

Monitor serum digoxin level.
Monitor electrolytes.

34
Q

Nonselective Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists:
Beta 1 Action: D
Beta 2 Action: B

A

Decrease BP & pulse.

Bronchoconstriction.

35
Q

Selective Beta Blockers: Metoprolol
Action: D
Side Effects: H/F/F

A

Decreases BP & heart rate.
Headache, fatigue, fainting.

36
Q

ACE Inhibitors:
Action: B/B

A

Blocks angiotensin II, blocks aldosterone.

37
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers CCBs:
Action: B/D

A

Blocks Ca+ causing vasodilation.
Decreases myocardial contractibility.

38
Q

Nitroglycerine:
Action: U/C/D/R
Side Effects: H/H/W/S

A

Used to relieve angina pectoris.
Causes vasodilation.
Decreases preload and afterload.
Reduces O2 demand.

Headache, hypotension, weakness, syncope.

39
Q

What are the five rights of delegation?

A

Right task
Right Circumstances
Right person
Right Direction/communication
Right supervision

40
Q

What are the normal lab values of ABGs
pH:
PaCo2
HCO3

A

pH: 7.35-7.45
PaCo2: 35-45 (higher = more acidic)
HCO3: 22-26

41
Q

What are the normal lab values of:
K+
WBC
Creatinine
Na+
BUN
eGFR
Specific Gravity
Mg

A

K+: 3.5-5
WBC: 5-10
Creatinine: 0.5-1.2
Na+: 136-145
BUN: 10-20
eGFR: >60
Specific Gravity: 1.005-1.03
Mg: 1.3-2.1

NSV10 (3 decks)

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