Exam 3

Question 1

which kidney is more cranial in dogs

Answer 1

right kidney

Question 2

where can you sometimes see the deep circumflex iliac artery in cats

Answer 2

just under L6

Question 3

why might the ventral aspect of L3-4 be lucent on radiograph

Answer 3

diaphragm attaches

Question 4

spondylosis deformans

Answer 4

smooth bridging bones between vertebrae, but normally just old age wear and tear, no pain

Question 5

what things are inside the retroperitoneal space

Answer 5

kidneys, adrenal glands, and lymph nodes (connects to mediastinum)

Question 6

heel effect

Answer 6

place thickest part of patient towards cathode because of how the beams scatter

Question 7

reasons for focal hepatomegaly

Answer 7

neoplasia, cyst, biloma, abscess and liver lobe torsion

Question 8

differentials for small liver

Answer 8

chronic liver disease, portsystemic shunt, diaphragmatic hernia

Question 9

causes for prostate enlargement

Answer 9

cysts, infection, BPH, and cancer (all fixed with neuter besides cancer)

Question 10

measure kidney size

Answer 10

animal has to be in VD, dog 2.5-3.5 length of L2, cat 2.4-3.0

Question 11

what are the two causes of bilateral renal enlargement

Answer 11

FIP and lymphoma

Question 12

projections during an excretory uregram

Answer 12

vascular phase: immediate VD
nephrogram and pyelogram phase: 5min lat and VD
urogram phase: 20 and 40min lat and VD

Question 13

retrograde urethrogram

Answer 13

can do vaginally in females with a foley catheter

Question 14

what is a double contrast cystogram used for?

Answer 14

mucosal assessment

Question 15

location of body of pancreas and left limb

Answer 15

body: portal vein dorsal, along duodenum
left: between spleen stomach and colon

Question 16

landmarks for adrenal glands

Answer 16

left- renal and cranial mesenteric arteries
right-along caudal vena cava near liver

Question 17

barium contrast pros and cons GI

Answer 17

coats well and tasty but not sterile so can make granulomas

Question 18

iodinated contrast pros and cons GI

Answer 18

sterile, safe in body cavities, but inflammatory reaction in the lungs and bad taste

Question 19

flocculation vs fimbriation vs thumbprinting

Answer 19

flocculation: full moth eaten intestines with contrast or pretty wispy (mucous/hemorrhage mixing with contrast)
fimbriation: wispy around edges, halo
thumbprinting: spaced divots, inflammation

Question 20

extraluminal mass sign

Answer 20

duck bill sign

Question 21

equine SI distension

Answer 21

if greater than 5cm diameter, obstruction

Question 22

probes for equine abdomen

Answer 22

superficial (bowel)- 5-8 MHz
deep (liver, spleen, kidney)- 1-5 MHz Ob probe

Question 23

five main sites of painful horse u/s

Answer 23

right 10th intercostal- RDC
right ventral/inguinal- SI/RVC
left dorsal- NSL
left ventral/inguinal- SI/LVC
xiphoid region- ventral colon, spleen and fluid

Question 24

how to diagnose colon torsion in horse

Answer 24

ventrally >9mm wall thickness in colon