Exam 3 Flashcards
In which type of dip-slip (inclined) fault does the hanging-wall block move DOWNWARD, relative to the footwall block?
Normal Faults
In which type of dip-slip (inclined) fault does the hanging-wall block move UP relative to the footwall block?
Reverse fault
Roughly parallel fractures separating blocks that show no displacement
Joint
Which well known strike-slip fault in California forms the boundary between the North American and pacific plates
San Andreas fault
Which area and type of terrain result from active or recently active, normal faulting? Where is it located in the US?
Basin and range province of Nevada Utah and California
Western USA
How would you describe a thrust fault
LARF
Low angle reverse fault
What is a Horst
An UPRAISED block found between two normal faults
Describes the geology for the Black Hills, SD
Dome
The Michigan geologic map shows older Paleozoic strata in roughly circular patterns surrounding a core area of Pennsylvania rocks. What is this structure?
Basin
The great Rift Valley of east Africa is characterized by what active geologic process?
Normal faulting and tension
Which term describes the initial rupture point of an earthquake
Focus
True statements describing P waves
1) first waves recorded primary
2) capable of moving through liquid
3) weakest of the waves
How would you best describe the mercalli scale?
Scale which measures intensity in roman numerals
What is the instrument that records earthquake waves (magnitude) and who invented it?
Seismograph
Charles richter
Who formulated the elastic rebound theory and after what earthquake
Reid
1906 San Francisco
Define focus:
The location within the earth where the earthquake originated
(Where the fault first breaks)
The term for the location on the surface of the earth directly above the focus
Epicenter
A direct measure of the distance between a seismic recording station and the focal point of a distant earthquake
Time difference between arrival of P and S waves
What term best describes the tendency of a foundation material to lose its internal cohesion and fail mechanically during earthquake shaking
Liquefaction
Which parameter is directly related to the richter earthquake magnitude rating
Power and amplitude
Which foundation would most readily fail and undergo liquefaction during ground shaking
Mud and clay
Who vigorously promoted the idea of continental drift to the scientific community in the early decades of the 20th century
Alfred Wegner
Deep-focus earthquakes are associated with only one type of plate boundary. Which is it?
Convergent plate boundary
What was Pangea? When did it form and when did it break apart?
Late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic super continent. End of Triassic
Deep-ocean trenches are surficial evidence for what?
Subduction of oceanic lithosphere
Volcanic island arcs are associated with what kind of plate boundary?
Ocean-ocean convergent plate boundary
What kind of plate boundary lies between India and Eurasia?
Continent-continent convergent plate boundary
Which phenomenon most completely outlines the edges of lithospheric plates?
Earthquakes
Which term denotes the temperature at which rocks and other materials lose their permanent magnetic characteristics
Curie point
Evolutionary process of sea-floor spreading
African Rift Valley, Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean
(Afrat)
What is the late Paleozoic, aquatic reptile whose fossil remains are found only in southeastern Brazil and Southern Africa?
Mesosaurus
What description best characterizes the Sierra Nevada, CA, and Grand Teton, WY mountain ranges?
fault block mountains
What term denotes the concept that rocks of the crust and mantle are in a state of flotational, gravitational equilibrium?
Isostasy
Which of the following is an example of an isostatic movement?
Glacier rebound
Folded limestones occur high in the Himalayas. Where were these rocks originally deposited as sediments?
Shallow sea between India and Eurasia
Where are accretionary wedges formed?
Landward side of a subduction zone, or at convergent plate boundary
Where might the severed part of a Jurassic seamount occur as a distinctive small terrane on a continent?
Convergent plate boundary, Accretionary wedge
Which mountain ranges are geologically old?
Appalachians and Urais
Which statement concerning topographically high-standing, mountainous areas is true?
greater than average thickness
Since the early Mesozoic, which continental margins have been passive?
East Atlantic Gulf Coast
Atlantic West Coast of Europe
All the coasts of Australia
Most coasts of Africa
What percent of the worlds total annual energy production does the US use?
23-24%
What source supplies the largest percentage of energy consumed in US
petrollym
Of the following fossil fuels, which one is likely to have the lowest sulfer content when burned
natural gas
which accounts for the majority of the coal burned annually
electricity
which element and isotope is the main fuel used in nuclear fission reactors to produce electricity
uranium 235
which mineral is used in pencils and as a solid lubricant
graphite
the first large scale commercial geothermal electric power generated facility in the US was brought into production when and where
geysers, california 1960
where was the worlds largest tidal electric power generation facility constructed and placed into production
rance river, france
which mineral and element used in the manufacture of fiber optic glasses and computer chips
quartz, silicon
