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Geology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

In which type of dip-slip (inclined) fault does the hanging-wall block move DOWNWARD, relative to the footwall block?

A

Normal Faults

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2
Q

In which type of dip-slip (inclined) fault does the hanging-wall block move UP relative to the footwall block?

A

Reverse fault

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3
Q

Roughly parallel fractures separating blocks that show no displacement

A

Joint

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4
Q

Which well known strike-slip fault in California forms the boundary between the North American and pacific plates

A

San Andreas fault

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5
Q

Which area and type of terrain result from active or recently active, normal faulting? Where is it located in the US?

A

Basin and range province of Nevada Utah and California

Western USA

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6
Q

How would you describe a thrust fault

A

LARF

Low angle reverse fault

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7
Q

What is a Horst

A

An UPRAISED block found between two normal faults

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8
Q

Describes the geology for the Black Hills, SD

A

Dome

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9
Q

The Michigan geologic map shows older Paleozoic strata in roughly circular patterns surrounding a core area of Pennsylvania rocks. What is this structure?

A

Basin

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10
Q

The great Rift Valley of east Africa is characterized by what active geologic process?

A

Normal faulting and tension

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11
Q

Which term describes the initial rupture point of an earthquake

A

Focus

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12
Q

True statements describing P waves

A

1) first waves recorded primary
2) capable of moving through liquid
3) weakest of the waves

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13
Q

How would you best describe the mercalli scale?

A

Scale which measures intensity in roman numerals

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14
Q

What is the instrument that records earthquake waves (magnitude) and who invented it?

A

Seismograph

Charles richter

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15
Q

Who formulated the elastic rebound theory and after what earthquake

A

Reid

1906 San Francisco

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16
Q

Define focus:

A

The location within the earth where the earthquake originated
(Where the fault first breaks)

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17
Q

The term for the location on the surface of the earth directly above the focus

A

Epicenter

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18
Q

A direct measure of the distance between a seismic recording station and the focal point of a distant earthquake

A

Time difference between arrival of P and S waves

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19
Q

What term best describes the tendency of a foundation material to lose its internal cohesion and fail mechanically during earthquake shaking

A

Liquefaction

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20
Q

Which parameter is directly related to the richter earthquake magnitude rating

A

Power and amplitude

21
Q

Which foundation would most readily fail and undergo liquefaction during ground shaking

A

Mud and clay

22
Q

Who vigorously promoted the idea of continental drift to the scientific community in the early decades of the 20th century

A

Alfred Wegner

23
Q

Deep-focus earthquakes are associated with only one type of plate boundary. Which is it?

A

Convergent plate boundary

24
Q

What was Pangea? When did it form and when did it break apart?

A

Late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic super continent. End of Triassic

25
Q

Deep-ocean trenches are surficial evidence for what?

A

Subduction of oceanic lithosphere

26
Q

Volcanic island arcs are associated with what kind of plate boundary?

A

Ocean-ocean convergent plate boundary

27
Q

What kind of plate boundary lies between India and Eurasia?

A

Continent-continent convergent plate boundary

28
Q

Which phenomenon most completely outlines the edges of lithospheric plates?

A

Earthquakes

29
Q

Which term denotes the temperature at which rocks and other materials lose their permanent magnetic characteristics

A

Curie point

30
Q

Evolutionary process of sea-floor spreading

A

African Rift Valley, Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean

(Afrat)

31
Q

What is the late Paleozoic, aquatic reptile whose fossil remains are found only in southeastern Brazil and Southern Africa?

A

Mesosaurus

32
Q

What description best characterizes the Sierra Nevada, CA, and Grand Teton, WY mountain ranges?

A

fault block mountains

33
Q

What term denotes the concept that rocks of the crust and mantle are in a state of flotational, gravitational equilibrium?

A

Isostasy

34
Q

Which of the following is an example of an isostatic movement?

A

Glacier rebound

35
Q

Folded limestones occur high in the Himalayas. Where were these rocks originally deposited as sediments?

A

Shallow sea between India and Eurasia

36
Q

Where are accretionary wedges formed?

A

Landward side of a subduction zone, or at convergent plate boundary

37
Q

Where might the severed part of a Jurassic seamount occur as a distinctive small terrane on a continent?

A

Convergent plate boundary, Accretionary wedge

38
Q

Which mountain ranges are geologically old?

A

Appalachians and Urais

39
Q

Which statement concerning topographically high-standing, mountainous areas is true?

A

greater than average thickness

40
Q

Since the early Mesozoic, which continental margins have been passive?

A

East Atlantic Gulf Coast
Atlantic West Coast of Europe
All the coasts of Australia
Most coasts of Africa

41
Q

What percent of the worlds total annual energy production does the US use?

A

23-24%

42
Q

What source supplies the largest percentage of energy consumed in US

A

petrollym

43
Q

Of the following fossil fuels, which one is likely to have the lowest sulfer content when burned

A

natural gas

44
Q

which accounts for the majority of the coal burned annually

A

electricity

45
Q

which element and isotope is the main fuel used in nuclear fission reactors to produce electricity

A

uranium 235

46
Q

which mineral is used in pencils and as a solid lubricant

A

graphite

47
Q

the first large scale commercial geothermal electric power generated facility in the US was brought into production when and where

A

geysers, california 1960

48
Q

where was the worlds largest tidal electric power generation facility constructed and placed into production

A

rance river, france

49
Q

which mineral and element used in the manufacture of fiber optic glasses and computer chips

A

quartz, silicon

Geology (3 decks)

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