Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

anaerobic

A

without oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fermentation

A

A form of anaerobic respiration that produces incompletely broken down carbon skeletons, such as lactic acid and alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oxygen Absence

A

In the absence of oxygen, the reduced form of NAD+ (NADH + H+) accumulates and becomes a cellular toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aerobic

A

with oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pyruvate Oxidation

A

In the presence of oxygen, the reduced form of NAD+ (NADH + H+) can be converted back into the oxidized form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dark cycle

A

carbon reduction phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

carbon fixation in dark cycle

A

RuBisCo converts inorganic carbon dioxide into organic molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

respiratory chain

A

The respiratory chain, also known as the electron transport chain (ETC) and produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

eukaryotic respiratory chain

A

found in the mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

prokaryotic respiratory chain

A

found in inner cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

oxidation

A

loss of hydrogen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

reduction

A

gain of hydrogen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Metabolic Pathways

A

Glucose utilization, serving as interchanges for diverse biochemical traffic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fuel Depletion and Health

A

When inadequate fuel molecules are available, the body utilizes stored glycogen, fats, and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation

A

All molecules absorb electromagnetic radiation, but they differ in the specific wavelengths absorbed. Molecules that absorb wavelengths in the visible range are called pigments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Interaction of Photon and Pigment

A

When a photon meets a pigment molecule, one of three things happens: reflection, transmission, or absorption. If absorbed, the energy raises the molecule from its “ground state” to an excited state, where electrons move to higher orbitals.

17
Q

Chlorophylls in Photosynthesis

A

Photosynthetic organisms use chlorophylls, the most important pigments in photosynthesis, along with other accessory pigments.

18
Q

Light Reaction and Electron Flow

A

When a pigment molecule absorbs a photon, it enters an excited state. Excited chlorophyll acts as a reducing agent, and electrons flow through carriers in the photosynthetic membrane.

18
Q

Chlorophyll Structure

A

Chlorophylls have a ring structure with a magnesium center and a hydrocarbon tail

19
Q

Non-Cyclic Electron Flow

A

Non-Cyclic electron flow involves the reduction of chlorophyll by generating protons. It uses water, photons, NADP+, ADP, and Pi to produce NADPH+ H+, ATP, and O2

20
Q

Cyclic Electron Flow

A

photosystem II acts independently, with no use of water or production of NADPH2 & takes photons through special chlorophyll molecules, producing ATP and some free energy as heat.

21
Q

Dark Cycle

A

involves CO2 fixation, conversion into carbohydrate (G3P), and regeneration of the CO2 acceptor RuBP. It uses ATP and NADPH2+.

22
Q

Energy Consumption by Heterotrophs

A

Stored energy in plants is consumed by heterotrophs through glycolysis and respiration. This process releases the stored energy for the growth and reproduction of the organisms.