DNA Flashcards
DNA Replication Process
involves various proteins: helicase, topoisomerase, single-strand binding proteins, RNA primase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase.
RNA primase role in DNA replication is
to create a primer for replication.
DNA polymerase role in DNA replication is
to add complementary nucleotides, proofread, and repair.
DNA ligase role in DNA replication is
to seal breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone.
Hydrogen Bonds in DNA
Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases hold DNA strands together
Eukaryotic mRNA Processing
It undergoes modifications like capping, and the mature mRNA is shorter than hnRNA. The 3’ UTR is transcribed but not translated, often tagged with poly-A tails.
How many RNA polymerase do eukaryotes have?
3 (RNA polymerase I, II, III)
How many RNA polymerase do prokaryotes have?
1
RNA Polymerase and Transcription
RNA polymerase initiates transcription by binding to gene promoters. Transcription occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
Differences Between RNA and DNA
-RNA differs from DNA in being single-stranded, having ribose sugar, and replacing thymine with uracil.
-DNA-directed process, is carried out by RNA polymerase
- there will be more errors in RNA than DNA
RNA synthesis
The transition from genotype to phenotype involves RNA synthesis
DNA Functions
DNA performs four crucial functions: storing genetic information, being mutation-prone, precise replication during cell division, and expressible as phenotype
Transcription and Translation in the Central Dogma
The central dogma involves transcription (DNA to RNA) and translation (RNA to protein).
DNA replication in eukaryotes
Eukaryotic replication is approximately 10-fold slower but maintains a similar error rate.
Okazaki Fragments and Lagging Strand
The lagging strand in DNA replication grows discontinuously in small pieces called Okazaki fragments and RNA primase synthesizes a primer for each fragment
