Exam 3

Question 1

Color is related to

Answer 1

wavelength and frequency

Question 2

temperature is related to

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

quantum

Answer 3

fixed quantity fo energy

Question 4

ground state

Answer 4

when atom is in its lowest energy state

Question 5

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

Answer 5

It is not possible to know both the position and momentum of a moving particle at the same time

Question 6

Principal Quantum Number

Answer 6

(n) relative size of the orbital and relative distance from the nucleus; describes overall energy

Question 7

Angular Momentum Quantum Number

Answer 7

(l) indicates the shape of the orbital; defines subshells or sublevels

Question 8

Magnetic Quantum Number

Answer 8

(ml) indicates the spatial orientation of the orbital

Question 9

Electron Spin Quantum Number

Answer 9

(ms) electrons going in opposite directions

Question 10

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 10

no two electron in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers; each orbital may have 2 electrons with opposing spins

Question 11

Aufbau Principle

Answer 11

electrons are always placed in the lowest energy sublevel available

Question 12

Hund’s rule

Answer 12

when orbitals of equal energy are available, the lowest energy electron configuration has the maximum number of unpaired electrons with parallel spins

Question 13

exceptions to expected electron configurations in period 4

Answer 13

Cr, Cu; will have half or fully filled d orbital and only 1 in the 4s

Question 14

inner core electrons

Answer 14

those held in common with previous noble gas and any completed transition series

Question 15

outer electrons

Answer 15

those in the highest energy level

Question 16

valence electrons

Answer 16

involved in forming compounds

Question 17

octet rule

Answer 17

when atoms bond, they lose, gain, or share electrons to attain a filled outer level of 9 electrons (or 2 for H and Li)

Question 18

Where is hydrogen on the electronegativity scale?

Answer 18

Between B and C; why we think of C-H bonds as nonpolar

Question 19

Which elements can never be central atoms and only have one bond?

Answer 19

H, F

Question 20

bond order

Answer 20

the number of electron pairs being shared by a given pair of atoms

Question 21

bond energy

Answer 21

energy needed to overcome the attraction between the nuclei and the shared electrons; (stronger bond= higher bond energy)

Question 22

bond length

Answer 22

distance between nuclei of the bonded atoms; (longer the bond, weaker the bond)

Question 23

resonance structures

Answer 23

have the same relative placement of atoms but different locations of bonding and lone electron pairs

Question 24

What do resonance structures often have due to partial bonding?

Answer 24

fractional bond orders; number of shared electron pairs/ number of atoms central atom is bonded to

Question 25

sigma bond

Answer 25

the first bond between two atoms involving single overlap of atomic orbitals

Question 26

pi bond

Answer 26

the second or third bond between two atoms involving additional overlap of atomic orbitals