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CHEM 1510 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

chemistry

A

study of matter, its properties, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with these changes

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2
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and volume

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3
Q

solid

A

fixed shape and volume

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4
Q

liquid

A

varying shape, fixed volume

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5
Q

gas

A

no fixed shape or volume

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6
Q

element

A

simplest type of substance with unique physical and chemical properties; consists of only one type of atom; cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

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7
Q

molecule

A

a structure that consists of two or more atoms that are chemically bound together and thus behaves as an independent unit

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8
Q

compound

A

substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio by mass (do not retain own identities)

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9
Q

mixture

A

a group of two or more elements and/or compounds that are physically intermingled (retain own identities)

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10
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter: 1st Postulate

A

All matter consists of atoms; tiny indivisible particles of an element that cannot be created or destroyed

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11
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter: 2nd Postulate

A

Elements are composed of one type of atom. Atoms of an element are identical in mass and other properties and are different from the atoms of any other element.

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12
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter: 3rd Postulate

A

Compounds are formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more atoms in a specific ratio by mass

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13
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter: 4th Postulate

A

During a chemical reaction, atoms will combine, separate or rearrange to give different substances. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.

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14
Q

Law of Definite (or Constant) Composition

A

No matter what its source, a particular compound is composed of the same elements in the same parts (fractions) by mass

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15
Q

Law of Mass Conservation

A

The total mass of substances does not change during a chemical reaction

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16
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

A

When different numbers of atoms of elements combine, they must do so in ratios of small, whole numbers

17
Q

Who discovered the electron and determined the mass/charge ratio?

A

JJ Thomson with Cathode Rays

18
Q

Who determined the mass and charge of the electron?

A

Millikan with Oil-Drop Experiment

19
Q

Who discovered the atomic nucleus?

A

Rutherford with gold foil beta particle experiment

20
Q

Mass Spectrometry

A

method for measuring the relative masses and abundances of atomic-scale particles

21
Q

ionic bond

A

results from transfer of electrons; between metal and nonmetal atoms

22
Q

covalent bond

A

results from sharing of electrons; between nonmetal atoms

23
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion

24
Q

anion

A

negatively charged ion

25
Q

binary compounds

A

two elements

26
Q

ternary compounds

A

three elements

27
Q

mole (mol)

A

amount of a substance that contains the same number of entities as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12; Avogadro’s number (NA) of anything

28
Q

molar mass

A

mass of a mole of a substance’s entities (atoms, molecules, formula units)

29
Q

empirical formula

A

simplest formula for a compound that agrees with the elemental analysis

30
Q

molecular formula

A

actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound

31
Q

combustion analysis

A

used to measure the amount of carbon and hydrogen in a combustible organic compound

32
Q

SI Unit Prefix

mega (M)

A

1x106

33
Q

SI Unit Prefix

kilo (k)

A

1x103

34
Q

SI Unit Prefix

deci (d)

A

1x10-1

35
Q

SI Unit Prefix

centi (c)

A

1x10-2

36
Q

SI Unit Prefix

milli (m)

A

1x10-3

37
Q

SI Unit Prefix

micro (u)

A

1x10-6

38
Q

SI Unit Prefix

nano (n)

A

1x10-9

39
Q

SI Unit Prefix

pico (p)

A

1x10-12

CHEM 1510 (4 decks)

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