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Bio-120 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When molecules are broken apart in respiration….

A

the energy released in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP

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2
Q

Select the molecules NOT normally found in the plasm membrane.

A. proteins
B. phospholipids
C. DNA
D. None of these

A

DNA

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3
Q

_________ is the study of how energy is transferred, its rates of flow, and transformation from one form or quality to another.

A

thermodynamics

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4
Q

Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?

A

CO2 and Water

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5
Q

Which process is absolutely necessary for sexual reproduction to occur in a life cycle but is not necessarily required for organisms that only reproduce asexually?

A

meiosis

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6
Q

An organism that must obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms is called a ________.

A

heterotroph

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7
Q

Degradative metabolic pathways can be considered __________.

A

catabolic

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8
Q

The _______ law of thermodynamics recognized the Principe of chaos.

A

second

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9
Q

We perceive wavelengths of visible light as different _________.

A

colors

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10
Q

Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids?

A

sister

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11
Q

Through meiosis ….

A

all of these

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12
Q

what is not a characteristic of meiosis

A

results in producing genetically identical cells

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13
Q

which of the following is NOT involved in the light-dependent reactions?

A

stroma

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14
Q

Which of the following liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?

A

aerobic respiration

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15
Q

Chromosomes are duplicated during what portion of the cell cycle?

A

S

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16
Q

The number of chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell…

A

is the same of all members of a speciesT

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17
Q

The chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator during…

A

metaphase

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18
Q

meiosis typically results in the production of …

A

four haploid cells

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19
Q

The chromosomes move to opposite poles during…

A

anaphase

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20
Q

The nuclear membrane re-forms during…

A

telophase

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21
Q

What is not a participant of photosynthesis?

A

mitochondria

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22
Q

C4 plants normally occur in hot, _________ environments

A

dry

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23
Q

How many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose degraded during glycolysis?

A

2

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24
Q

Which of the following marks transition from glycolysis to the Krebs cycle?

A

acetyl-CoA formation

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25
Q

___________ energy is kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules

A

thermal

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26
Q

The distribution of cytoplasm daughter cells is accomplished during….

A

cytokinesis

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27
Q

When a cell undergoes mitosis……

A

the daughter cels have identical genes and the daughter cell has genes identical to those of the mother cell that produced it

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28
Q

which of the following does NOT occur in prophase 1 of meiosis?

A

cytokinesis

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29
Q

the nucleus of a human sperm cell contains _______ chromosomes

A

23

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30
Q

chlorophyll molecules are located in the _______.

A

chloroplast

31
Q

the ability of cells to acquire and use energy to build, store, break apart, and eliminate substances in a controlled fashion is considered ___________.

A

metabolism

32
Q

Fusion of an egg and sperm results in a 2N _____.

A

zygote

33
Q

Programmed cell death is referred to as _______.

A

apoptosis

34
Q

the autosomal cells of diploid human contains ______ chromosomes

A

46

35
Q

in most children, cell division is _______ cell death

A

greater than

36
Q

the activation energy of a reaction refers to the minimum amount of energy…

A

necessary to cause it to proceed on its own

37
Q

Glycolysis takes place in the…

A

cytoplasm

38
Q

32 to 34 ATP molecules are generated by the ________ stage of aerobic respiration

A

oxidative phosphorylation

39
Q

Crossing over occurs during ______

A

prophase 1

40
Q

__________ sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms

A

autotrophs

41
Q

Photophosphorylation is the addition of a _____ to ADP to make ATP

A

phosphate

42
Q

________ (“splitting of sugar”) breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate

A

glycolysis

43
Q

List the three phases of the Calvin Cycle

A
  • Carbon fixation
  • reduction
  • regeneration of CO2 acceptor
44
Q

In addition to food production, photosynthesis produces the _____ in our atmosphere

A

oxygen

45
Q

The C4 pathway of photosynthesis exhibits a _______ separation of steps while the CAM pathway exhibits a ________ separation of steps.

A

spatial , temporal

46
Q

List the number of ATP, NADH, and FADH2, generated from two pyruvate molecules

A

2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2

47
Q

The citric acid cycle has 8 steps, each catalyzed by a specific __________

A

enzyme

48
Q

List two common types of fermentation

A
  • alcohol fermentation
  • lactic acid fermentation
49
Q

the citric acid cycles also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the _________ matrix

A

mitocondria

50
Q

obligate _________ carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2

A

anaerobes

51
Q

Chloroplasts are found mainly in the _________ cells of the interior tissue of the leaf

A

mesophyll

52
Q

___________ is the distance between crests of light waves.

A

wave length

53
Q

chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called __________ reactions

A

redox

54
Q

__________ is the process of forming sperm cells from diploid cells of the germ line.

A

spermatogenus

55
Q

A living systems ___________ is energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform, as in a living cell

A

free energy

56
Q

___________ is a state of maximum stability

A

equilibrium

57
Q

glycolysis breaks down glucose into two molecules of _____________.

A

pyruvate

58
Q

the electron transport chain in cellular respiration generates ________ ATP

A

no

59
Q

An electron donor is called the ______ agent.

A

reducing

60
Q

An electron receptor is called the ______ agent.

A

oxidizing

61
Q

Yeast and many bacteria are ___________ anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration.

A

facilitative

62
Q

energy flows into an ecosystem as _______ and exits as __________.

A

light , heat

63
Q

The reaction-center of chlorophyll A in PS1 is called __________

A

P700

64
Q

A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with a __________

A

product

65
Q

_______________ is the study of how organisms manage their energy resources

A

Bioenergetics

66
Q

In a __________ system, energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings

A

open

67
Q

light behaves as though it consists of discrete particles called _____________

A

photons

68
Q

leaves appear green because chlorophyll reflects and transmits ________ light

A

green

69
Q

In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce _________

A

ATP

70
Q

The main electrogenic pump of plants, fungi, and bacteria is a __________.

A

proton

71
Q

Metaphase….

A

all duplicated chromosomes are aligned at the equator

72
Q

prophase….

A

chromosomes begin to condense

73
Q

telophase…..

A

daughter nuclei form

74
Q

anaphase….

A

sister chromatids move apart

Bio-120 (3 decks)

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