Exam 3 Flashcards
When molecules are broken apart in respiration….
the energy released in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP
Select the molecules NOT normally found in the plasm membrane.
A. proteins
B. phospholipids
C. DNA
D. None of these
DNA
_________ is the study of how energy is transferred, its rates of flow, and transformation from one form or quality to another.
thermodynamics
Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?
CO2 and Water
Which process is absolutely necessary for sexual reproduction to occur in a life cycle but is not necessarily required for organisms that only reproduce asexually?
meiosis
An organism that must obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms is called a ________.
heterotroph
Degradative metabolic pathways can be considered __________.
catabolic
The _______ law of thermodynamics recognized the Principe of chaos.
second
We perceive wavelengths of visible light as different _________.
colors
Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids?
sister
Through meiosis ….
all of these
what is not a characteristic of meiosis
results in producing genetically identical cells
which of the following is NOT involved in the light-dependent reactions?
stroma
Which of the following liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?
aerobic respiration
Chromosomes are duplicated during what portion of the cell cycle?
S
The number of chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell…
is the same of all members of a speciesT
The chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator during…
metaphase
meiosis typically results in the production of …
four haploid cells
The chromosomes move to opposite poles during…
anaphase
The nuclear membrane re-forms during…
telophase
What is not a participant of photosynthesis?
mitochondria
C4 plants normally occur in hot, _________ environments
dry
How many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose degraded during glycolysis?
2
Which of the following marks transition from glycolysis to the Krebs cycle?
acetyl-CoA formation
___________ energy is kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules
thermal
The distribution of cytoplasm daughter cells is accomplished during….
cytokinesis
When a cell undergoes mitosis……
the daughter cels have identical genes and the daughter cell has genes identical to those of the mother cell that produced it
which of the following does NOT occur in prophase 1 of meiosis?
cytokinesis
the nucleus of a human sperm cell contains _______ chromosomes
23
chlorophyll molecules are located in the _______.
chloroplast
the ability of cells to acquire and use energy to build, store, break apart, and eliminate substances in a controlled fashion is considered ___________.
metabolism
Fusion of an egg and sperm results in a 2N _____.
zygote
Programmed cell death is referred to as _______.
apoptosis
the autosomal cells of diploid human contains ______ chromosomes
46
in most children, cell division is _______ cell death
greater than
the activation energy of a reaction refers to the minimum amount of energy…
necessary to cause it to proceed on its own
Glycolysis takes place in the…
cytoplasm
32 to 34 ATP molecules are generated by the ________ stage of aerobic respiration
oxidative phosphorylation
Crossing over occurs during ______
prophase 1
__________ sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms
autotrophs
Photophosphorylation is the addition of a _____ to ADP to make ATP
phosphate
________ (“splitting of sugar”) breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
glycolysis
List the three phases of the Calvin Cycle
- Carbon fixation
- reduction
- regeneration of CO2 acceptor
In addition to food production, photosynthesis produces the _____ in our atmosphere
oxygen
The C4 pathway of photosynthesis exhibits a _______ separation of steps while the CAM pathway exhibits a ________ separation of steps.
spatial , temporal
List the number of ATP, NADH, and FADH2, generated from two pyruvate molecules
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2
The citric acid cycle has 8 steps, each catalyzed by a specific __________
enzyme
List two common types of fermentation
- alcohol fermentation
- lactic acid fermentation
the citric acid cycles also called the Krebs cycle, takes place within the _________ matrix
mitocondria
obligate _________ carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2
anaerobes
Chloroplasts are found mainly in the _________ cells of the interior tissue of the leaf
mesophyll
___________ is the distance between crests of light waves.
wave length
chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called __________ reactions
redox
__________ is the process of forming sperm cells from diploid cells of the germ line.
spermatogenus
A living systems ___________ is energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform, as in a living cell
free energy
___________ is a state of maximum stability
equilibrium
glycolysis breaks down glucose into two molecules of _____________.
pyruvate
the electron transport chain in cellular respiration generates ________ ATP
no
An electron donor is called the ______ agent.
reducing
An electron receptor is called the ______ agent.
oxidizing
Yeast and many bacteria are ___________ anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration.
facilitative
energy flows into an ecosystem as _______ and exits as __________.
light , heat
The reaction-center of chlorophyll A in PS1 is called __________
P700
A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with a __________
product
_______________ is the study of how organisms manage their energy resources
Bioenergetics
In a __________ system, energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its surroundings
open
light behaves as though it consists of discrete particles called _____________
photons
leaves appear green because chlorophyll reflects and transmits ________ light
green
In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce _________
ATP
The main electrogenic pump of plants, fungi, and bacteria is a __________.
proton
Metaphase….
all duplicated chromosomes are aligned at the equator
prophase….
chromosomes begin to condense
telophase…..
daughter nuclei form
anaphase….
sister chromatids move apart
