Exam 3

Question 1

Having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses, distinguished from unicameral

Answer 1

Bicameral legislature

Question 2

Holding the political office for which one is running, has an advantage for name recognition, fundraising, political ads, campaign on public record

Answer 2

Incumbency advantage

Question 3

When the incumbent does not seek reelection and there is a competitive race. More common in the house than the senate

Answer 3

Open seat

Question 4

A representative who votes according to the preferences of his or her contingency

Answer 4

Delegate model of representation

Question 5

A representative who votes based on what they think is best for their contingency

Answer 5

Trustee model of representation

Question 6

Chief presiding officer of the House of Representatives

Answer 6

Speaker of the house

Question 7

Elected reader of majority party in the senate

Answer 7

Senate majority leader

Question 8

The redistribution of house seats to reflect population shifts after the census

Answer 8

Apportionment

Question 9

When a party controls a chamber/branch and the opposition party controls the other chamber/branch

Answer 9

Divided government

Question 10

Permanent committee with the power to propose and write legislation that covers a particular subject, drafts bills and proposals in both house and senate. Divided into subject matter and holds hearings, markup sessions, etc

Answer 10

Standing committees

Question 11

Decides the funding for all federal agencies and funding, passes budget and is in charge of tax laws

Answer 11

Appropriation committees

Question 12

Temporary committees set up to highlight an issue. No power of prosecution

Answer 12

Select committees

Question 13

Joint committees created to work out a compromise. If a bill passes house and senate but not in identical language, this is formed to work out the differences in the two versions. Creates a conference bill if successful

Answer 13

Conference committee

Question 14

Conduct annual evaluations or reviews of federal agencies to make sure they are using their funds as intended

Answer 14

Oversight committees

Question 15

Proposed law sponsored by member of congress and submitted to clerk of house or senate. Can be sponsored by both democrats and republicans, needs 2 from each to be introduced and can only be by congress. Must pass both houses and signed by president.

Answer 15

Bill

Question 16

Session in which a congressional committee rewrites legislation to incorporate changes discussed during hearings on a bill

Answer 16

Committee markup

Question 17

Continuously holding the floor until majority backs down. Last resort attempt by the minority to keep a bill from passing.

Answer 17

Filibuster

Question 18

Once a bill is sent to the president, he has the option of approving or denying a bill. Can be overridden with 2/3 vote in each house of congress

Answer 18

Presidential veto power

Question 19

Formal charge by the house that a government official has committed treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Clinton, Trump twice. Power over president

Answer 19

Impeachment

Question 20

Specific powers granted by the constitution to congress and the president

Answer 20

Expressed powers

Question 21

Not in constitution, given to federal agencies to carry out federal laws and programs. Clean air act. Power to interpret how to come about a problem

Answer 21

Delegated powers

Question 22

Not in constitution, president tends to interpret these powers as giving them more flexibility in both domestic security issues and foreign policy security issues.

Answer 22

Inherited powers

Question 23

Primary role of president to implement, execute, enforce laws and court decisions.

Answer 23

Chief executive

Question 24

Once a bill is sent to the president, he has the option of approving or getting rid of a bill. Constitutional power to turn down acts of congress

Answer 24

Presidential veto power

Question 25

Right to appoint cabinet secretaries, federal judges, Supreme Court justices. Directly listed in constitution

Answer 25

Appointment power

Question 26

More prestigious in the past due to media dissection now, but an address to all branches of government of a wishlist for what the president wishes to do in a year. Constitutional

Answer 26

State of union address

Question 27

Congress is the one that passes a budget, president officially submits it. Constitutional

Answer 27

Budget submission

Question 28

Informally, his party will introduce his ideas as bills in congress. Main source of legislative agenda. can’t introduce a bill himself, but can get his party to. Domestic added on power

Answer 28

Chief legislator

Question 29

Checks/balances of congress: president can’t make a law, but can issue executive order that becomes law without going to congress. Domestic

Answer 29

Executive order

Question 30

Understanding the president is immune to prosecution while in office. Domestic

Answer 30

Executive immunity

Question 31

Not required, but judged on basis of how well the economy is doing during their administration. Domestic

Answer 31

Good economic manager

Question 32

Expected to have moral leadership, empathy, and be a good communicator during crisis. Domestic

Answer 32

Crisis manager

Question 33

There has only been one single president, expectation that the president is married with pets. First Ladies have to be involved in a cause but not too involved. Domestic

Answer 33

First family

Question 34

President is the only one who can officially represent other states. whatever he says is viewed as the official position of the United States. Constitutional foreign

Answer 34

Chief/head of state

Question 35

Authorized to deploy troops, ultimate decision maker of the military. Constitutional foreign

Answer 35

Commander in chief

Question 36

President is the only one who can organize foreign treaties with other countries. Constitutional foreign

Answer 36

Chief diplomat

Question 37

Require 2/3 senate vote for approval. Constitutional foreign

Answer 37

Formal foreign treaties

Question 38

Foreign treaties that bypass senate. Added on foreign

Answer 38

Executive agreement

Question 39

Europe had to rebuild, so US and the president emerged as only standing western democracy and basically became world leader. Nobody wants to test US. Foreign added on

Answer 39

Post WW2 superpower status of US

Question 40

Savior of democracy, presidents follow the mantra and can’t afford to be isolated. Congress doesn’t want to be the bad guy for stopping president. Foreign add on

Answer 40

De facto world leader

Question 41

the circle of persuasion needed from the president. White House office, EOP, congress, public

Answer 41

Power of persuasion

Question 42

Closest to the president, advisors. Make president look good to be reelected

Answer 42

White House office

Question 43

14 executive departments with secretaries the president appoints. Policy advisors, needs senate confirmation. If they don’t like what the president is doing, they can not fund and wait for a new one.

Answer 43

Executive office of president

Question 44

The fourteen secretaries of the EOP make this with the president. Policy advisors that go to meetings on the president’s order, want to be his favorite, kitchen cabinet=favorite

Answer 44

Cabinet

Question 45

Branch of law that deals with disputes that do not involve criminal penalties.

Answer 45

Civil law

Question 45

only one on the Supreme Court. Justice on the Supreme Court who presides over the court’s public session

Answer 45

Chief Justice

Question 46

Branch of government that regulates the conduct of individuals, defines, crimes, and specifies punishments for proscribed conduct.

Answer 46

Criminal law

Question 47

Parties involved in a lawsuit. Can be individuals, governments, businesses, etc

Answer 47

Litigants

Question 48

Past decisions of the court. Do not change the direction of the court

Answer 48

Precedent

Question 49

The court that first hears a case regardless of the nature of the case. Litigants must be present

Answer 49

Original jurisdiction

Question 50

No litigants present, no new evidence, 1-9 panel of judges reviewing the original trial for errors.

Answer 50

Appeal court

Question 51

Belief in a broader role for the court to address societal issues. can only do this if the case comes to them. Belief in a constitution changing with its country, willing to break precedent

Answer 51

Judicial activism

Question 52

Belief in a narrow role for the court. The court should defer elected officials and not make priority. Belief in a stricter interpretation of the constitution and maintaining precedent

Answer 52

Judicial restraint

Question 53

Having to prove that they were damaged in a situation to bring about a lawsuit. Plaintiff has to prove direct damages

Answer 53

Standing to sue/to have standing

Question 54

For an appeal to be heard by the Supreme Court, it needs 4 out of 9 justices to want to hear the case

Answer 54

Rule of four

Question 55

To let a decision stand. If an appeal court finds there were no errors in the original trial, they will let the decisions of the lower court stand.

Answer 55

Stare decisis

Question 56

Retry the case in an appeal court if something is found to be wrong in the original case

Answer 56

Reverse decision

Question 57

Lawyers in the case have half an hour to present the merits of the case to court. No new witnesses, evidence. Highlight the case. Justices have the opportunity to question the attorneys. If the government is involved, it still only has thirty minutes

Answer 57

Oral argument

Question 58

Weekly private meeting of justices where they choose cases to be heard. Completely private. Vote on cases and chief justice assigns opinion writing

Answer 58

Conference

Question 59

Legal justification of why justices voted the way they did. Can be 300 pages. Have to go back to the historical case/precedent of how the court ruled in the past

Answer 59

Opinion

Question 60

Expresses the views of those in the majority. Only one writes on behalf of the group

Answer 60

Majority opinion

Question 61

Expresses the views of those who voted against the majority. Usually writes for themselves. Can be very influential, shows the court was not unanimous and a well written opinion can open the door to a reversal in a future case

Answer 61

Dissenting opinion

Question 62

President nominates justices, primary factor is party affiliations

Answer 62

Presidential nomination

Question 63

Done by the senate judiciary committee, if an appointment is rejected it looks bad on president. Justice is trained on philosophy. Needs a full senate vote

Answer 63

Senate confirmation process/hearings