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Political science > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses, distinguished from unicameral

A

Bicameral legislature

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2
Q

Holding the political office for which one is running, has an advantage for name recognition, fundraising, political ads, campaign on public record

A

Incumbency advantage

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3
Q

When the incumbent does not seek reelection and there is a competitive race. More common in the house than the senate

A

Open seat

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4
Q

A representative who votes according to the preferences of his or her contingency

A

Delegate model of representation

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5
Q

A representative who votes based on what they think is best for their contingency

A

Trustee model of representation

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6
Q

Chief presiding officer of the House of Representatives

A

Speaker of the house

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7
Q

Elected reader of majority party in the senate

A

Senate majority leader

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8
Q

The redistribution of house seats to reflect population shifts after the census

A

Apportionment

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9
Q

When a party controls a chamber/branch and the opposition party controls the other chamber/branch

A

Divided government

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10
Q

Permanent committee with the power to propose and write legislation that covers a particular subject, drafts bills and proposals in both house and senate. Divided into subject matter and holds hearings, markup sessions, etc

A

Standing committees

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11
Q

Decides the funding for all federal agencies and funding, passes budget and is in charge of tax laws

A

Appropriation committees

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12
Q

Temporary committees set up to highlight an issue. No power of prosecution

A

Select committees

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13
Q

Joint committees created to work out a compromise. If a bill passes house and senate but not in identical language, this is formed to work out the differences in the two versions. Creates a conference bill if successful

A

Conference committee

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14
Q

Conduct annual evaluations or reviews of federal agencies to make sure they are using their funds as intended

A

Oversight committees

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15
Q

Proposed law sponsored by member of congress and submitted to clerk of house or senate. Can be sponsored by both democrats and republicans, needs 2 from each to be introduced and can only be by congress. Must pass both houses and signed by president.

A

Bill

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16
Q

Session in which a congressional committee rewrites legislation to incorporate changes discussed during hearings on a bill

A

Committee markup

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17
Q

Continuously holding the floor until majority backs down. Last resort attempt by the minority to keep a bill from passing.

A

Filibuster

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18
Q

Once a bill is sent to the president, he has the option of approving or denying a bill. Can be overridden with 2/3 vote in each house of congress

A

Presidential veto power

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19
Q

Formal charge by the house that a government official has committed treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Clinton, Trump twice. Power over president

A

Impeachment

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20
Q

Specific powers granted by the constitution to congress and the president

A

Expressed powers

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21
Q

Not in constitution, given to federal agencies to carry out federal laws and programs. Clean air act. Power to interpret how to come about a problem

A

Delegated powers

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22
Q

Not in constitution, president tends to interpret these powers as giving them more flexibility in both domestic security issues and foreign policy security issues.

A

Inherited powers

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23
Q

Primary role of president to implement, execute, enforce laws and court decisions.

A

Chief executive

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24
Q

Once a bill is sent to the president, he has the option of approving or getting rid of a bill. Constitutional power to turn down acts of congress

A

Presidential veto power

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25
Q

Right to appoint cabinet secretaries, federal judges, Supreme Court justices. Directly listed in constitution

A

Appointment power

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26
Q

More prestigious in the past due to media dissection now, but an address to all branches of government of a wishlist for what the president wishes to do in a year. Constitutional

A

State of union address

27
Q

Congress is the one that passes a budget, president officially submits it. Constitutional

A

Budget submission

28
Q

Informally, his party will introduce his ideas as bills in congress. Main source of legislative agenda. can’t introduce a bill himself, but can get his party to. Domestic added on power

A

Chief legislator

29
Q

Checks/balances of congress: president can’t make a law, but can issue executive order that becomes law without going to congress. Domestic

A

Executive order

30
Q

Understanding the president is immune to prosecution while in office. Domestic

A

Executive immunity

31
Q

Not required, but judged on basis of how well the economy is doing during their administration. Domestic

A

Good economic manager

32
Q

Expected to have moral leadership, empathy, and be a good communicator during crisis. Domestic

A

Crisis manager

33
Q

There has only been one single president, expectation that the president is married with pets. First Ladies have to be involved in a cause but not too involved. Domestic

A

First family

34
Q

President is the only one who can officially represent other states. whatever he says is viewed as the official position of the United States. Constitutional foreign

A

Chief/head of state

35
Q

Authorized to deploy troops, ultimate decision maker of the military. Constitutional foreign

A

Commander in chief

36
Q

President is the only one who can organize foreign treaties with other countries. Constitutional foreign

A

Chief diplomat

37
Q

Require 2/3 senate vote for approval. Constitutional foreign

A

Formal foreign treaties

38
Q

Foreign treaties that bypass senate. Added on foreign

A

Executive agreement

39
Q

Europe had to rebuild, so US and the president emerged as only standing western democracy and basically became world leader. Nobody wants to test US. Foreign added on

A

Post WW2 superpower status of US

40
Q

Savior of democracy, presidents follow the mantra and can’t afford to be isolated. Congress doesn’t want to be the bad guy for stopping president. Foreign add on

A

De facto world leader

41
Q

the circle of persuasion needed from the president. White House office, EOP, congress, public

A

Power of persuasion

42
Q

Closest to the president, advisors. Make president look good to be reelected

A

White House office

43
Q

14 executive departments with secretaries the president appoints. Policy advisors, needs senate confirmation. If they don’t like what the president is doing, they can not fund and wait for a new one.

A

Executive office of president

44
Q

The fourteen secretaries of the EOP make this with the president. Policy advisors that go to meetings on the president’s order, want to be his favorite, kitchen cabinet=favorite

A

Cabinet

45
Q

Branch of law that deals with disputes that do not involve criminal penalties.

A

Civil law

45
Q

only one on the Supreme Court. Justice on the Supreme Court who presides over the court’s public session

A

Chief Justice

46
Q

Branch of government that regulates the conduct of individuals, defines, crimes, and specifies punishments for proscribed conduct.

A

Criminal law

47
Q

Parties involved in a lawsuit. Can be individuals, governments, businesses, etc

A

Litigants

48
Q

Past decisions of the court. Do not change the direction of the court

A

Precedent

49
Q

The court that first hears a case regardless of the nature of the case. Litigants must be present

A

Original jurisdiction

50
Q

No litigants present, no new evidence, 1-9 panel of judges reviewing the original trial for errors.

A

Appeal court

51
Q

Belief in a broader role for the court to address societal issues. can only do this if the case comes to them. Belief in a constitution changing with its country, willing to break precedent

A

Judicial activism

52
Q

Belief in a narrow role for the court. The court should defer elected officials and not make priority. Belief in a stricter interpretation of the constitution and maintaining precedent

A

Judicial restraint

53
Q

Having to prove that they were damaged in a situation to bring about a lawsuit. Plaintiff has to prove direct damages

A

Standing to sue/to have standing

54
Q

For an appeal to be heard by the Supreme Court, it needs 4 out of 9 justices to want to hear the case

A

Rule of four

55
Q

To let a decision stand. If an appeal court finds there were no errors in the original trial, they will let the decisions of the lower court stand.

A

Stare decisis

56
Q

Retry the case in an appeal court if something is found to be wrong in the original case

A

Reverse decision

57
Q

Lawyers in the case have half an hour to present the merits of the case to court. No new witnesses, evidence. Highlight the case. Justices have the opportunity to question the attorneys. If the government is involved, it still only has thirty minutes

A

Oral argument

58
Q

Weekly private meeting of justices where they choose cases to be heard. Completely private. Vote on cases and chief justice assigns opinion writing

A

Conference

59
Q

Legal justification of why justices voted the way they did. Can be 300 pages. Have to go back to the historical case/precedent of how the court ruled in the past

A

Opinion

60
Q

Expresses the views of those in the majority. Only one writes on behalf of the group

A

Majority opinion

61
Q

Expresses the views of those who voted against the majority. Usually writes for themselves. Can be very influential, shows the court was not unanimous and a well written opinion can open the door to a reversal in a future case

A

Dissenting opinion

62
Q

President nominates justices, primary factor is party affiliations

A

Presidential nomination

63
Q

Done by the senate judiciary committee, if an appointment is rejected it looks bad on president. Justice is trained on philosophy. Needs a full senate vote

A

Senate confirmation process/hearings

Political science (3 decks)

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