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Political science > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

A term generally used to describe the formal institutions through which a territory and its people are used.

A

government

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2
Q

Who gets what, where, and how. A power struggle to distribute resources, talks about the conflict

A

Politics

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3
Q

Recognizes no formal limits but is kept in check by religion, businesses, unions, etc. Latin America, Asia, and Africa

A

Authoritarian government

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4
Q

No legal limits, eliminates challengers. Russia

A

Totalitarian

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5
Q

Citizens have the power to rule themselves

A

Democracy

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6
Q

Permits citizens to vote directly on laws and politics

A

Direct democracy

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7
Q

ours, a system that gives citizens opportunities to elect officials

A

Representative democracy

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8
Q

A hands off government approach introduced during the great depression

A

Laissez faire capitalism

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9
Q

American ideal that all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have

A

Equality of opportunity

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10
Q

Wishes of the majority determines what the government does

A

Majority rules

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11
Q

Concern for individual rights are in the bill of rights

A

Minority rights

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12
Q

Focus is on liberty, freedoms. US

A

Liberal democracy

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13
Q

Focus is on social equality, most European countries are this. Universal healthcare

A

Social democracy

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14
Q

A government where they have the majority of the process for a democracy, but very little rights and freedoms. Hungary

A

Illiberal democracy

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15
Q

Created by society to communicate needs with the government

A

Linkage/informal institutions

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16
Q

Interaction between government and society. People communicate to the government through institutions, try to get formal institutions to respond. When government does, we get public policy

A

Political system

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17
Q

Response by government to a perceived issue in society. Operates on limited resources

A

Public policies

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18
Q

May respond to some issues, but not others

A

Trade-offs

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19
Q

Government was created to peacefully have both. We want order, and freedoms

A

Liberty versus order

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20
Q

Economic freedom versus economic equality. If we want less regulations, there may be wider wealth gaps. If we want more equality, we need more regulation. Hobby lobby vs ACA

A

Liberty versus equality

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21
Q

the first constitution ratified in 1781 and functioned until 1788. Goal was to limit the powers of government, but ultimately failed due to how little power they had

A

Articles of confederation

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22
Q

representation in national legislature to be based on population of each state, in favor of the large states

A

Virginia plan

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23
Q

Asserted the most popular states would dominate the new government

A

New Jersey plan

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24
Q

Seats would be apportioned according to population as delegates from larger states wished, but each state gets one vote in the senate

A

Great compromise

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25
Q

Most delegates opposed counting the population of enslaved people as citizens, so a compromise was made

A

3/5ths compromise

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26
Q

Two chambered legislature, checks and balances among branches of government, staggered terms in office, and indirect election

A

Bicameral

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27
Q

Branches are given its own powers and some power over other branches. President being able to veto bills

A

Checks and balances

28
Q

First ten amendments that define personal freedoms

A

Bill of rights

29
Q

Separate into three branches to keep the government from being all powerful

A

Separation of powers

30
Q

Supported constitution and wanted a strong national government

A

Federalists

31
Q

Opposed constitution and wanted a more decentralized federal system

A

Antifederalists

32
Q

Unjust rule by the group in power. Antifederalists were scared of the government becoming more aristocratic, federalists thought the popular majority would break the rules

A

Tyranny

33
Q

Many are called, few are chosen, Exist to give rights

A

Amendment

34
Q

Only the president has this in war, can refuse congress

A

Authorization for the use of military force

35
Q

1215 UK, result of a struggle between a British monarchy and a British representative. Placed limits on the absolute authority, social contract

A

Magna carta

36
Q

One of the first British settlements in the 1640s. Signed a contract amongst themselves agreeing to rules

A

Mayflower compact

37
Q

Consent of the governed. However powerful a government, it has to have some legitimacy from the people it is governing

A

Social contract

38
Q

1774 reconciliation attempt, wanted more representation for the colonies

A

First continental congress

39
Q

1775, to prepare for war

A

Second continental congress

40
Q

Security and defense, economic. Border disputes and debtors versus creditors, trade, states too powerful

A

Post independence challenges

41
Q

A small mob of farmers tried to prevent foreclosures on their land, scared the government into making legislature to grant demands, sparked the new constitution

A

Shay’s rebellion

42
Q

Established by the constitution: the division of powers and functions between a national government and lower levels of government like regions or states. US was first to adopt.

A

Federalism

43
Q

Lower levels of government have little independent power and primarily just implement decisions made by the central government. Majority of other countries follow one central government with all authority and can have provinces, but can’t pass laws by themselves

A

Unitary system

44
Q

Construction only grants powers specifically expressed in text. Like declaring war, taxing, foreign treaties for the national government.

A

Expressed powers

45
Q

Not in the constitution, but necessary to carry out the listed powers. To make laws necessary to carry powers into execution

A

Implied powers

46
Q

A part of implied powers, law proving congress with the authority to make all was necessary and proper.

A

Necessary and proper clause

47
Q

Contracts a state makes with its residents have to be recognized by other states, like same sex marriage. Requires states to honor public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state

A

Full faith and credit clause

48
Q

Technically present since the 1790s, but was more prominent post-civil war. Attempt to have this clear division of authority and jurisdiction between the national and state governments.

A

Dual federalism

49
Q

Define states rights. Power is not given to the national government, nor prohibited to the states, are state powers. Says the constitution does not delegate to the national government or prohibit to the states a reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

A

Tenth amendment

50
Q

Provides national laws and treaties shall be the supreme law of the land. Constitution is supreme law, foreign treaties are by the federal government and obligate the entire country, national government supreme over states

A

Supremacy clause

51
Q

A type of federalism existing since the new deal era which grants in aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities to pursue nationally defined goals. Sharing of management of federal programs implemented state by states, got states to cooperate with new deal distributions through grants

A

Cooperative federalism

52
Q

Programs through which congress provides money to state and local governments on the condition that the funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal government. Money does not have to be paid back

A

Grants in aid

53
Q

80% of all grants. Program and project

A

Categorical grants

54
Q

Automatic, states get this money automatically without asking. can only be used for specific programs. The determination of how much is given is based on a formula like cost of living.

A

Program/formula grants

55
Q

Not automatic, states have to find and compete for this money. Tied to specific programs.

A

Project grants

56
Q

20% of grants. Automatic, no conditions.

A

Block grants

57
Q

A policy to remove the program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level. Give back authority and responsibilities to the states, less funding to federal programs and less federal regulations.

A

Devolution

58
Q

Focuses on devolution, adopted by Nixon and Reagan.

A

New federalism

59
Q

measure of how successful we actually are. At least on the surface, equality of outcome plugs some of the gaps left by equality of opportunity. describes a state in which all people have approximately the same material wealth and income, or in which the general economic conditions of everyone’s lives are alike.

A

Equality of results

60
Q

7 years. British needed to recoup for the loss of money in the war despite winning, so taxes were imposed on just the colonies

A

French Indian war

61
Q

Social contract theorist who inspired Jefferson for the Declaration of Independence.

A

John Locke

62
Q

By John Locke, life liberty and the pursuit of happiness. In the Declaration of Independence

A

Natural rights

63
Q

Concluded any state law conflicting with a federal law is invalid. Implied powers The court decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government

A

McCulloch v Maryland

64
Q

The principle that allows the national ovenrment to override state or local actions in certain policy areas: in foreign policy, the willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack

A

Preemption

65
Q
A

Political science (3 decks)

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