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nutrition > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Occurs during Starvation, when animals need to mobilize fat for energy

A

Ketogenesis, TCA, Lipolysis, beta- oxidation

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2
Q

Involves acetyle-CoA as the starting or ending compound

A

Ketogenesis, TCA, Lipogenesis, beta- oxidation

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3
Q

Occurs when absorbed carbohydrates are in excess for current energy needs

A

Esterification, TCA, Lipolysis, beta- oxidation

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4
Q

Makes a glucose alternative for tissues to use to generate ATP when carbohydrates are not avaliable

A

Ketogenesis

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5
Q

polyunsaturated fatty acid

A

unsaturated fatty acid containing more than one double carbon bond.

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6
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A

Arginine (Arg)
Histidine (His)
Isoleucine (Ile)
Leucine (Leu)
Lysine(Lys)
Methionine (Met)
Phenylalanine(Phe)
Threonine(Thr)
Tryptophan(Trp)
Valine (Val)

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7
Q

What is the role of Lipase in lipid digestion or absorption?

A
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8
Q

What is the role of Mixed micelle in lipid digestion or absorption?

A

help lipids be moved through digesta + other H2O containing component, since lipids + water are not soulable together.

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9
Q

What is the role of bile in lipid digestion or absorption?

A

Emsulfication of fat

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10
Q

Which of the following is not true about these metabolic pathways?

A

Glycolysis produces acetyl CoA

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11
Q

Which of these best decribes glycogen regulation?

A

-Glycogenesis increasses in the fed state
-Glycogenolysis will occur under the same sort of conditions as -gluconeogenesis increases when blood glucose is low

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12
Q

Which of the following is not an accurate description of the type of carbohydrate mostly present in the high energy feedstuff?

A

Milk co-products: starch

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13
Q

Which is not a reason that we feed so much corn to livestock?

A

It has a food AA profile

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14
Q

relative to other cereal grains, corn has ___________.

A

More energy but less protein

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15
Q

Why is molasses added to some livestock diets?

A

-Sucrose is a good energy source
- it can rduce dust
- It encourages animals to consume the feed

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16
Q

Which is not accurate about structural carbohydrate co-product feeds

A

we regularly feed all of them to horses due to hindgut fermentation

17
Q

Which is not a negative aspect if feeding fibrous co-products

A

They can have high NDF

18
Q

Which of the follwoing is not true about C18:3?

A

It is monounsaturated

19
Q

Unsaturated fats….

A

-Have C=C
- have more axidative instability
- Are more likely to be liquid at room temperature
- Have more
“kinks” in the C tail

20
Q

Which of these statements is not true about triglycerides?

A

They have less FA than oither simple or compound lipids

21
Q

Why is lipid digestion and absorption diffrent from that of carbohydrates and proteins?

A

Fats are insoluble in water

22
Q

Which of these does not accurately describe lipid digestion and absorption

A

Bile is released into the duodenum by the liver/gall bladder, and it digest triglycerides into fatty acids

23
Q

Why are lipids complexed with protein for transport in the blood?

A
  • Protein can travel safely in blood, but lipid cannot
  • Blood is aqueous, and lipids are immiscible in water
  • Fat could come together in the blood stream without protein
24
Q

Why is fat needed in the diet of all animals?

A

To provide C18:2 and C18:3 and allow for absorption of vitamins A,D,E, and K

25
Q

Which of the following species much consume C20:4 in their diet?

A

Tigers

26
Q

Which of the following is an inaccurate description of lipid function in the body?

A

Essential fatty acids are used to make steroid hormones

27
Q

Which of the following is not true about beta-oxidation

A

It does not produce ATP until the next step

28
Q

Acetyl-coA cannot be used to make which of the following

A

Amino acids

29
Q

Why do animals do fatty acid biosynthesis

A
  • They need to store C from CHO intake
  • They consumed more nutrients that provide energy than the body needed
  • Their fat intake was to low, and fatty acids are needed to make compounds for cell membranes and other funcitons
30
Q

What is ketogenesis?

A

Ketone synthesis from acetyl CoA that come from fatty acids

31
Q

Which of these does not describe a condition in which ketones are usually formed?

A

When blood glucose is high

32
Q

how are ruminants different from non-ruminants in regard to fat metabolism?

A

Rumen microbes saturate and alter location of remaining C=C, so the fatty acid profile is altered

33
Q

Which of the following is not a reason to feed increased fat in the diet?

A

To allow for absorption of B and C vitamins

34
Q

Which of the following accurately describes pratical fat inclusion in livestock diets?

A

-Animals with high energy needs are more likely to be fed diets with added fats
- Fat inclusion can depend on cost
- We can increase fat in the diet by adding a 100% fat source, or by choosing feedstuffs with greater fat concentration
- Fatty acid profile may affect our decision whether to feed plant oir animal-sourced fat

35
Q

Why are essential AA needed in the diet

A

They cannot be made in great enough quantities, even when provided enough substrates

36
Q

Why does the R group of amino acids matter

A
  • The AA is other wise the same as all other AA, structure-wise
  • it gives the AA its identity
  • It gives the AA chemical properties that determine how it interacts with other compounds
37
Q

DNA is translated to RNA, and RNA is transcribed to protien

A

False

38
Q
A
39
Q

What are the major uses of amino acids in the body?

A

Used for protein synthesis, energy produciton or storage, and production of other important non-protein biosignalling compounds from single to few AA

nutrition (3 decks)

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