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nutrition > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What do microbes do to proteins
What does this produce

A

Micrbes degrade proteins
- Release proteases, peptidases, deaminases
- Also attached to cell surface of microbe

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2
Q

What does microbes do to CHO

A

ferment monnosaccs to VFA’s and ATP (for the microbes).

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3
Q

What is NRC

A

National Research council

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4
Q

what is NASEM

A

National Academy of Science, Engineering, and math

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5
Q

What are the nutrient requirements do we use regularly?

A

Protein
Fat
Energy
Minerals and vitamins

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6
Q

What is Toxicity

A

high nutrient or energy consumed
lower animal performance

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7
Q

What is deficiency

A

Lower nutrient and energy consumed
Lower animal performance

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8
Q

What affects overall nutrient requirments

A

Species
Breed
Sex
Physiological state
Season
Previous nutrition\

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9
Q

What is Deaminated

A

NH3 and C-skeleton for fermentation

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10
Q

What do micrbes do to lipids

A

Hydrolyze triglycerides, phospholipids

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11
Q

Are fatty acids soulble in h2o

A

Yes

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12
Q

What are three examples of volatile fatty acids

A

Acetate
Propimate
Butgrate

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13
Q

How do microbes degrade fiber, starch and sugar

A

through enzymes

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14
Q

What microbes digest fiber

A

Cellulolytic
Hemicellulolytic

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15
Q

What is fermentation

A

Microbial metabolism of organic compounds to obtain energy

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16
Q

What makes ruminants differnet from monogastics

A

Microbes get first choice
RRO
Fermintation happens before animal digestion or absorption
Stomach secrtions (65-80% digesta located here)

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17
Q

Where is absorption of VFA and ammonia take place

A

Reticulo-rumen

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18
Q

What controls passage to the abomasum and absorption

A

Omasum

19
Q

What does abomasum

A

Gastric compartment

20
Q

What do microbes do to lipids

A

Microbes hydrolyze triglycerides, phospholipids

21
Q

what do microbes do to non-protein nitrogen

A

Microbes can synthesize AA

22
Q

What determines if a feed particle gets fermented or not?

A

Microbes are unable to degrade the paricle
Microbes don’t have enough time to degrade the particle
It leaves the rumen before being digested or fermented

23
Q

What are we feeding rumen mirobes

A

Soluble carbs
RDP

24
Q

Non-protein N

A

Fatty acids

25
Q

What is RDP

A

Ruminally degradable protein

26
Q

What is energy

A

The abilty to do work

27
Q

What does energy mean for the body

A

Work for all cellular processes
EX. life growht reproduction

28
Q

What is the definition of work

A

Energy transferred from one place to another

29
Q

Heat

A

Energy transferred from one place to another

30
Q

What does ATP stand for

A

Adenosine triphosphat

31
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Monomer/building blocks

32
Q

What is the CHO formula

A

CnH2nOn

33
Q

What type of CHO does an animal consume

A

Disaccharides and Poly saccharides

34
Q

What are the two common monosacchorides

A

Pentoses and Hexoses

35
Q

What are some disaccharides

A

Sucrose Maltose Cellobiose lactose

36
Q

What is the linkage that connects monosacharides to create disaccharides

A

Alpha linkage

37
Q

What does photosytheses create

A

Hexose

38
Q

What are plants mostly made of

A

Carbohydrates

39
Q

What are the fuctions of CHO in animals

A

Energy transport, transfer, and use
Energy storage

40
Q

What are the first 3 fates of absorbed Carbohydrates

A

1st prioirty- provide energy (glycolygis)
2nd priority- Short term energy storage (Glycogen)
3rd priority- Long term storage (lipids/fat)

41
Q

What are three parts that is commonly CHO-related intermediary Metabolism

A

Glycolysis, TCA cycle

42
Q

Explain conventional energy scheme

A
  1. feed- how much energy (ATP) an animal gets from each feed
  2. Animal energy needs (requirements)
43
Q
A

nutrition (3 decks)

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