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ANTH 110 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Artificial mound; ancient town site

A

Tell

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2
Q

Dark fertile soil that receives floods along the Nile

A

Black Lands

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3
Q

Western and Eastern deserts on either side of the Nile River Valley

A

Red Lands

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4
Q

North (downriver) in the delta of the Nile River

A

Lower Egypt

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5
Q

Narrow floodplain of the Nile, South of the delta

A

Upper Egypt

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6
Q

Provinces/Territorial divisions in Upper and Lower Egypt ruled by nomarchs

A

Nome

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7
Q

Two kingdoms joined by force or coercion

A

Unification

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8
Q

The head of state and state region in Egypt

A

Pharaoh

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9
Q

Summer (June - September); When Egyptians worked for the pharaoh to pay their taxes; Flooding season

A

Inundation Season

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10
Q

the process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of social and cultural development and organization

A

Civilization

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11
Q

a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple

A

Ziggurat

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12
Q

Person who studies and interprets ancient inscriptions

A

Epigrapher

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13
Q

Between 3500 and 3000 B.C. in Mesopotamia when thousands moved into towns with successful irrigation systems and productive agriculture

A

Uruk Period

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14
Q

A Sumerian Innovation; Used as a “book-keeping” system; represented trades and deals in agricultural goods, including domestic animals and plants

A

Clay Tokens

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15
Q

Included 12 months, 365 days, and 3 seasons based on the behavior of the Nile River

A

Egyptian Calander

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16
Q

Crown of Upper Egypt

A

White Crown

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17
Q

Crown of Lower Egpyt

A

Red Crown

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18
Q

A writing consisting of symbols that stand for an object or an concept

A

hieroglyphics

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19
Q

Central concept associated with pharaohs; idea that encapsulates everything in the universe the is orderly and just; symbolized by white ostrich feather

A

Ma’at

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20
Q

an ancient Egyptian tomb rectangular in shape with sloping sides and a flat roof; “room over a tomb”

A

Mastaba

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21
Q

Begins as a mastaba gut grows as more, smaller mastabas are added on top

A

Stepped Pyramid

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22
Q

Rivers can flood unpredictably and at times when crops may already be planted which is seen as punishment from the gods

A

Flooding in Sumer

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23
Q

River floods predictably and has its own season dedicated to it; it is seen as a gift from the gods

A

Flooding in Egypt

24
Q

River has flooded historically with devastating results

A

Flooding in China

25
Q

Middle Neolithic period group’s culture along the middle Yellow River; evidence for social distinctions based on grave goods; rammed-earth buildings; Patrilineal/Patrilocal

A

Yongshao culture

26
Q

Pottery made that included inscriptions of pictographs and ideographs; importance of scapulimancy and important ancestor spirits

A

Longshan culture

27
Q

build a framework then fill it with earth and then stamp and beat it down; packed so tightly that it holds together; doesn’t absorb water

A

Rammed-earth

28
Q

use of animal shoulder bones/turtle plastrons in divination; early version involved the careful prep. of the bones by thinning them and drilling holes in them before submitting them to fire to produce crack patterns that could be interpreted

A

Scapulimancy

29
Q

a loosely compacted yellowish-gray deposit of windblown sediment of which extensive deposits occur; gives the “Yellow” river its color

A

Loess

30
Q

An object that translated Egyptian hieroglyphics using Egyptian demotic and Ancient Greek; contained a cartouche with Ptolemy’s name

A

Rosetta Stone

31
Q

Egyptian artifact depicting the king who unified upper and lower Egypt

A

Narmer Palette

32
Q

City that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state; Sumeria; independent political and economic systems for each city

A

City-State

33
Q

A single city with a single form of governance; Egypt

A

Territorial-state

34
Q

the southern part of Mesopotamia; the site of city states which became part of ancient Babylonia

A

Sumer

35
Q

Region lying in the alluvial plains between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

A

Mesopotamia

36
Q

based on “super-households” in which kin-based households are combined with nonkin labor

A

oikoi economy

37
Q

Early pictographs on clay tablets depict commodities (Wheat, donkeys) and marks for quantities, earliest one’s record info. about transactions, using a stylus to make wedge-shaped symbols in damp clay tablets; symbols changed over time ending in this language

A

Cuneiform

38
Q

How do the glyphs in hieroglyphic writing systems represent
language?

A

Glyphs that represent sounds; an alphabet

39
Q

Ritual vessels made from bronze

A

Shang Dynasty innovations

40
Q

Pyramids/Elite tombs, Measurements and Mathematics (multiplication tables),

A

Egyptian Innovations

41
Q

Clay Token for record keeping, early pictographs on clay tablets, cuneiform language

A

Sumerian Innovations

42
Q

How was irrigation farming in Mesopotamia different from farming in the Nile River Valley?

A

In Mesopotamia, large workforces needed to maintain irrigation systems, Egyptian farming relied of the predictable flooding of the Nile River

43
Q

Did millet require irrigation in the Yellow River Valley?

A

No, it was dependent on rainfall

44
Q

Little rainfall and farming depended on irrigation, clay was primary source of building with wood imported from the Levant region

A

Geographic Feature of Mesopotamia that affected culture

45
Q

Distinctive dry and wet seasons, along banks of the Nile river whose flooding was necessary for farming, stone from surrounding deserts used for monument construction

A

Geographic features of Egypt that affected culture

46
Q

Isolated from other ancient civilizations, Gobi desert to the North, Tibetan Plateau to the West, Himalayan Mountains to the East, and the Sea to the East; Yellow river allowed domestication of grain

A

Geographic features of China that affected culture

47
Q

Western coast of the Mediterranean (Levant Region), large amounts of wild grain that allowed for stationary settlements

A

Geographic features of the Fertile Crescent that affected culture

48
Q

In southern Mesopotamia, first city-state, developed between 3500 and 3000 B.C., massive building projects, and sacred precincts with temples and palaces

A

Archeological site of Uruk

49
Q

City that contained cemetery with elaborate royal burials, 2600 to 2350 B.C.,

A

Archeological site of Ur

50
Q

Site on the West side of the Nile river, was the site of the stepped pyramid complex of the third dynasty, 2650–2575 BCE

A

Archeological site of Saqqara

51
Q

Site on West Side of the Nile River, was the site of 3 large well-known pyramids, as well as smaller pyramids, during 4th dynasty, 2613 to 2494 BCE

A

Archeological Site of Giza

52
Q

Large urban site in China with evidence for an elite enclosure with palace complexes, hoses, and graves

A

Archeological Site of Erlitou

53
Q

Site of the late Shang capital city in the Yello River region of northern China; Rammed-earth palaces and temples

A

Archeological Site of Anyang

54
Q

How does a city differ from a village or town?

A

A city is a large and densely populated urban area that may include several independent administrative districts.

55
Q

What characteristics do archaeologists look for to identify a state-level society/civilization?

A

large population centers; monumental architecture and unique art styles; shared communication strategies; systems for administering territories; a complex division of labor; and the division of people into social and economic classes

ANTH 110 (4 decks)

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