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CAMS 20 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

When did Ahmose I reign?

A

1549-1524 BCE

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2
Q

How did Ahmose I’s reign begin?

A

He pushed the Hyksos out of Upper Egypt and established a capital in Thebes

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3
Q

Where was Ahmose I buried?

A

Abydos in a cemetery of other kings

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4
Q

When did Amenhotep I rule?

A

1524-1503 BCE

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5
Q

Where was Amenhotep I buried?

A

the Valley of Kings

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6
Q

Where are queens buried in Abydos?

A

the Valley of Queens

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7
Q

Where are mortuary chapels built in the Valley of Kings?

A

along the edge of the desert

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8
Q

What is the political structure of the Cult of Amun-Re during Amenhotep I’s rule?

A

the priests of the temple seem to hold more power than the Pharaoh and there is a power struggle

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9
Q

When did Thutmose I rule?

A

1503-1491 BCE

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10
Q

What is most significant about Thutmose I’s rule of Egypt?

A

he creates an empire and is the first evidence of large use of military power

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11
Q

Where did Thutmose I conquer?

A

Nubia’s capital Kerma and parts of Libya

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12
Q

Where did Thutmose I explore and discover for Egypt?

A

the Euphrates and Tigris upside down rivers and the coast of the East Mediterranean allowing access to harbors

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13
Q

What additions did Thutmose I make to the temple of the Amun Re

A

expanded the temple and erected 4 obilisks

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14
Q

When did Hatshepsut rule?

A

1479-1457 BCE

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15
Q

Who was Hatshepsut the daughter of

A

Thutmose I and Ahmose

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16
Q

When did Thutmose II rule?

A

1491-1479 BCE

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17
Q

Who was Hatshepsut’s husband?

A

Thutmose II; her half brother

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18
Q

Describe the narrative of Hatshepsut’s divinity

A

Amun-Re is shown pressing the Ankh to her mother’s lips and impregnating her

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19
Q

Why was Hatshepsut able to maintain power?

A

the support of priests

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20
Q

What addition did Hatshepsut make to the Amen-Re temple in Karnak?

A

she added an obelisk that depicts her name in a cartouche and her Amun-Re coronation

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21
Q

What did Hatshepsut bring back from her expedition to Punt?

A

monkeys, ivory, ebony wood, incense trees (mer), etc.

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22
Q

Who has the largest mortuary temple of the 18th dynasty?

A

Hatshepsut

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23
Q

Where was Hatshepsut buried?

A

the valley of kings with her father

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24
Q

What did Thutmose III do after Hatshepsut’s passing?

A

scratched out her cartouche’s and omitted her from the next king’s list

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25
Q

When did Thutmose III rule?

A

1479-1424 BCE

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26
Q

Where is Thutmose III’s victory of Megiddo depicted?

A

Temple of Amun in Karnak

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27
Q

What was special about record keeping during the battle of Megiddo?

A

it was the first time number of deaths injuries and prisoners was ever recorded

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28
Q

Where does the word Armageddon come from?

A

Har Megiddo meaning mound

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29
Q

Why did Megiddo have a mound?

A

the city was rebuilt so many times throughout its’ history or many different occupations

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30
Q

What was diplomatically significant during the first half of the 14th century BCE under Ahmenhotep II?

A

the first period of peace across the Egypt area where there was diplomatic relations between Mitanni and Egypt

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31
Q

How much of Nubia did Egypt control during Thutmose III’s reign?

A

all the way to the 6th Cataract

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32
Q

Who erected a stelae infant of the sphinx declaring themselves king?

A

Thutmose IV

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33
Q

When did Thutmose IV rule?

A

1398-1388 BCE

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34
Q

What religious change occurred during the first half of the 14th century?

A

Aten was associated with the pharoah instead of Amun-Re

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35
Q

What is the Colossi of Memnon?

A

Amenhotep III’s mortuary temple with a huge statue of himself that in the past would whistle when the wind blew through its’ cracks

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36
Q

Who is Queen Tiye?

A

Amenhotep III’s wife and a high priestess

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37
Q

What is the temple of Luxor?

A

the only temple built for a king not a god that depicts Amenhotep III’s divine birth

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38
Q

When did Amenhotep IV rule?

A

1352-1335 BCE

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39
Q

What does the Great Hymn of Aten do for the religion of Aten?

A

first time Aten is described as the SOLE god

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40
Q

Where does Amenhotep IV move the capital from and to?

A

from Thebes to halfway between the Quena bend and Delta in Akhetaten

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41
Q

What does Amenhotep IV change his name to?

A

Akhenaten

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42
Q

What does Akhenaten mean?

A

sole one of aten

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43
Q

What was Akhenaten placed where it was?

A

the sun lined up between two mountains on the horizon

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44
Q

What was the first open air temple?

A

Aten temple

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45
Q

How was the Aten temple and Akhenaten built?

A

quickly using fragments of other buildings and poor care for the laborers

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46
Q

What is the ureaus and how is it related to Aten?

A

a cobra that the sun disc is depicted wearing

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47
Q

What is at the end of the rays of the Aten sun disc?

A

hands

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48
Q

How does communication occur with Aten during Akhenaten’s rule?

A

through the king and queen

49
Q

Who was Akhenaten’s queen?

A

Nefertiti

50
Q

Who may grant access to the afterlife under Akhenaten’s rule?

A

only Akhenaten, the pharaoh

51
Q

Where was Akhenaten buried?

A

East bank of the desert valley in Akhenaten

52
Q

What happened to Akhenaten’s grave?

A

it was smashed

53
Q

What does Nefertiti change her name to under the religion of Aten?

A

Neferneferuaten

54
Q

Describe Neferneferuaten’s rule?

A

As co regent and for a short period of time after her husbands death

55
Q

What was Tutankhamun’s birth name?

A

Tutankhaten

56
Q

Who does Tutankhamun marry?

A

his half sister Ankhesenamun

57
Q

What does Tutankhamun do regarding religion during the fifth year of his rule?

A

reinstates the cult of Amun

58
Q

Where does Tutankhamen move the capital during his rule?

A

back to Memphis which is symbolic of old Egyptian traditions

59
Q

Who is Ay?

A

Tutankhamen’s vizier who takes over after his death

60
Q

At what age does Tutankhamen die?

A

18/19 years old

61
Q

Who is Horembeh?

A

Ay’s son that ruled as pharoah and held a good military standing for Egypt

62
Q

Which pharaohs from dynasty 18 were omitted from the kings list of dynasty 19?

A

Nefertiti, Akhenaten, Smenkhara, Tutankhamen, and Ay

63
Q

How was Tutankhamen’s existence discovered?

A

An embalmers kit was found bearing his cartouche

64
Q

What signified if a sistrum is held by a king or diety?

A

power

65
Q

What is unique about Egyptian dieties compared to any other religion?

A

it is the only religion that includes animal human hybrids as gods

66
Q

The only non part animal Egyptian deities

A

Osiris, Amun-Re, Aten, and Ptah

67
Q

How much of Egyptian land was dedicated to temples and maintaining them?

A

1/3

68
Q

What portion of Egyptian people had occupations relating to the church?

A

1/5

69
Q

Who could commission a large 3d sculpture?

A

only the temple or palace

70
Q

What part of the Karnak temple could ordinary Egyptians access?

A

The forecourt at the front of the temple and the hearing ear at the back

71
Q

What is a votive?

A

an offering

72
Q

What would an ordinary Egyptian in the forecourt of the temple of Karnak?

A

pray and leave votives

73
Q

What is the hearing ear?

A

A stelae with a carved ear where Egyptians would speak to the gods

74
Q

What is the Beautiful Festival of the Valley?

A

the boat of Amun Re is brought from the East bank of the Karnak temple to the West Bank were the mortuary chapels were

75
Q

What does the festival of Opet celebrate?

A

the Egyptian new year and the king’s divine birth

76
Q

What is done during the festival of Opet?

A

the statues of Amun-Re and his wife are carried down the avenue of the sphinx’s to the Luxor temple and then returned to their chapels

77
Q

Describe the hypostyle hall of the Temple of Karnak

A

a vaulted ceiling with criss crossing beams that allow beams of light to enter, the amount of light decreases as you get farther in the temple

78
Q

What is the job of the Wab priest?

A

to care for the cult statue by unsealing the shrine during the day, dressing the statue, and purifying and feeding it multiple times a day

79
Q

How many months did a Wab priest work and not work?

A

works for 1 month and has a break for 3

80
Q

What are some requirements of priests of active duty?

A

cannot have sex and must be circumcised

81
Q

What were the roles of priestesses

A

generally singing, dancing and music

82
Q

Who is the God’s Wife of Amun

A

a female relative of the Pharaoh that acts as the high priestess of temple of Amun-Re

83
Q

Who named the first God’s Wife of Amun?

A

Ahmose

84
Q

How did private households practice religion?

A

offerings, shrines, and minifigurines in the home

85
Q

Who is Bastet

A

the cat deity associated with family

86
Q

Who is Renenutet

A

a cobra god that protects harvests from pests

87
Q

What does the Say priest preside over?

A

magic and medicine

88
Q

What does the Hot-priest preside over?

A

reading the stars

89
Q

What does the scroll carrier in a temple preside over?

A

the archives

90
Q

What is the purpose of the Ka priest?

A

to make offerings to Ka

91
Q

Who is Heka?

A

the god of magic

92
Q

From what are the powers of an amulet derived from?

A

shape, color, or words spoken over it

93
Q

What are textual amulets?

A

small pieces of papyrus inscribed with small phrases, tied, and wrapped with the mummy

94
Q

What is faience?

A

an inexpensive material that can be pressed into shape to mass produced amulets

95
Q

How were Ushabti used in the Old Kingdom?

A

1 was buried per deceased representative of the body

96
Q

How were Ushabti used in the Middle Kingdom?

A

Many ushabtis were buried with each deceased to serve them in the afterlife

97
Q

What was the ideal number of ushabtis in a tomb of the Middle Kingdom?

A

365, one for each day of the year

98
Q

What is magically symbolic about a knot securing things?

A

serves as protection

99
Q

The knot’s relation to Isis and Nepthys?

A

They knotted cords when resurrecting Osiris and then tied their hair together to unite the East and West Bank of the Nile

100
Q

How were knots used in the book of the dead?

A

4 are used to pull the deceased to the deites and 7 are tied for protection against demons

101
Q

What does it mean when 2 ends of a cord surround someone/thing

A

it is binding the enemy or tying a curse to them

102
Q

How can a knot pertain to two people?

A

sexually uniting them

103
Q

What does it mean when figure is pointing a finger or four fingers?

A

they are casting a spell

104
Q

Can spells be removed?

A

no, they must have an anecdote spell

105
Q

What is the water spell and how is it used?

A

protection from crocodiles by herders and from crocodile demons in the afterlife

106
Q

What is a libation ritual?

A

pouring of a liquid as an offering or in memory

107
Q

What liquids were used during Egyptian libation rituals?

A

water, beer, wine, milk

108
Q

How was the cult statue cleansed

A

a libation ritual using water

109
Q

With what vesicle was the liquid of a libation ritual poured?

A

a libation dish

110
Q

What was water poured over the Cippus stelae used for?

A

a curative remedy for oral or topical use

111
Q

How are magic and medicine related?

A

medicine was a combination of medical practices and magical spells

112
Q

What is a magic brick?

A

a brick inscribed with spells of protection buried with the deceased

113
Q

Though curses were uncommon in Egypt, how were they most commonly used for tombs?

A

high officials would inscribe curses for those that enter their tomb after committing an impure act

114
Q

How did stelae protect property?

A

blessings were inscribed for those that provided offering, curses were inscribe for those who disturb

115
Q

What are execration texts?

A

curses not/related to tombs or burials meant for enemies

116
Q

How were execration text curses performed?

A

the name of the enemy would be written and “they will die” and then the list would be destroyed to enact the curse

117
Q

Who could perform execration text curses?

A

anyone

118
Q

What is the meaning behind imagery of a Pharaoh smiting a foreign enemy?

A

It was thought to help Egyptians control to enemy

119
Q

How did the Pharoah employ imagery of their enemies symbolically dominate them?

A

depicted them on canes, sandals, or foot stoles

CAMS 20 (3 decks)

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