Exam 3 Flashcards
What is prejudice?
A negative attitude towards people in a distinguishable group based solely on their membership to that group.
What is discrimination?
Unjustifiable harmful action towards members of a group solely because of their membership to that group.
What is a stereotype?
A generalization made about a group of people.
What is aggression?
Intentional behavior aimed at causing harm or psychological pain to another person.
What is instrumental aggression?
Aggression with a goal other than causing pain.
What is hostile aggression?
Aggression stemming from feelings of anger that aims to inflict pain or injury.
What is moral aggression?
Aggressing in retribution for perceived moral violations.
What is the frustration-aggression theory?
The idea that frustration increases the probability of an aggressive response.
What is the weapons effect?
An increase in aggression at the mere sight/presence of a weapon.
What is the catharsis hypothesis?
Conventional wisdom suggests doing something aggressive to reduce feelings of aggression.
What is the need to belong?
A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions.
What is self-disclosure?
Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.
What is disclosure reciprocity?
The tendency for one’s intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of their partner.
What are the two types of love?
Passionate and Companionate.
What is passionate love?
An intense longing we feel for a person, accompanied by physiological arousal.
What is companionate love?
The intimacy and affection we feel when we care deeply for a person and our lives are deeply intertwined.
What is ethnocentricism?
The belief that your own culture, nation, or religion is superior to others.
What is social identity?
Part of our identity that stems from our membership in groups.
What is the out-group homogeneity effect?
In-group members perceive out-group members as being more similar than they really are.
What is subtyping?
Exceptions to the “rule.”
Ex: being smart for a woman.
What is subgrouping?
Coming up with a stereotype for a subset of a population.
Ex: he’s a middle-class black person.
What are implicit biases?
Biases hidden from oneself.
What is a stereotype threat?
The apprehension experienced by members of a group that their behavior might confirm a cultural stereotype.
What in in-group bias?
The tendency to favor members of one’s own group and give them special preference over people who belong to other groups.
What did Bandura say about aggression?
People learn social behavior through observation and imitation of others and by being rewarded and punished.
What is relative deprevation?
The experience of being deprived of something you feel you are entitled to.
What is absolute deprevation?
The absence of the minimal resources to afford basic necessities for life.
What is displacement?
The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration.
Who is especially vulnerable to displacement?
Outgroup targets.
What is frustration?
the perception that you are being prevented from attaining a goal.
What is the social dominance orientation?
A personality trait measuring an individual’s support for social hierarchy.
What is ostracism?
Acts of excluding or ignoring.
What is the matching phenomenon?
We seek others with similar degree of physical attractiveness.
What is complementarity?
The tendency in a relationship for each to complete what is missing in the other.
