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PSYC 3381 (Social Psychology) > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is evolutionary psychology?

A

The study of evolution of cognition and behavior using principles based on natural selection.

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2
Q

What are the criticisms of evolutionary psychology?

A
  • It is mostly theory.
  • Can only explain what has already happened with plausible explanations.
  • It is not inherently falsifiable.
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3
Q

What is natural selection?

A

The evolutionary process by which heritable traits that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce.

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4
Q

What is gender?

A

Characteristics, whether biological or socially influenced, that we associate with males, females, or others.

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5
Q

What is sex?

A

Biological categories of male or female.

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6
Q

What are gender roles?

A

Sets of behavioral expectations for men and women.

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7
Q

What is culture?

A

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

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8
Q

What are social norms?

A

Standards for accepted and expected behavior.

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9
Q

______ think about and initiate sex more often.

A

Men

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10
Q

__________ are more inspired by emotional passion.

A

Women

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11
Q

___ seek out quantity in mating, whereas _________ seek out quality.

A

Men; women

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12
Q

What are the Big Five Social Beliefs?

A

Cynicism, social complexity, reward for application, spirituality, fate control.

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13
Q

What is conformity?

A

A change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined group pressure.

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14
Q

What are the three varieties of conformity?

A

Acceptance, compliance, and obedience.

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15
Q

What is acceptance conformity?

A

Both acting and believing in accord with social pressure.

Ex: exercising because you believe it is healthy, whether or not you’ve done the research.

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16
Q

What is compliance conformity?

A

Publicly acting in accord with a request while privately disagreeing.

Ex: saying you like your friend’s spouse even though you don’t.

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17
Q

What is obedience conformity?

A

Acting in high accord with a direct order or command.

Ex: dress code

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18
Q

What is mass hysteria?

A

Suggestibility to problems that spreads throughout a large group of people.

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19
Q

What are factors that breed obedience?

A
  • Victim’s emotional distance.
  • Closeness/credibility of the authority.
  • Institutional authority.
  • Liberating effects of group influence.
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20
Q

Central Route Persuasion occurs when:

A

interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.

21
Q

Peripheral Route Persuasion occurs when:

A

people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness.

22
Q

_____________________ Persuasion requires the arguments to be strong and compelling.

A

Central Route

23
Q

What is the Sleeper Effect?

A

Delayed impact of a message that occurs when an initially discounted message becomes effective, as we remember the message but forget the reason for discounting it.

24
Q

What is a group?

A

Two or more people who interact with and influence one another and perceive themselves as an “us.”

25
Q

What are social roles?

A

Shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave in that group.

26
Q

What is social faciliatation?

A

Strengthening of dominant responses whether correct or incorrect in the presence of others.

27
Q

What is evaluation apprehension?

A

Concern for how others are evaluating us.

28
Q

What is social loafing?

A

The tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their effort toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable.

29
Q

What is deindividuation?

A

The loosening of normal constraints on behavior when people cannot be differentiated, leading to an increase in impulsive and deviant acts.

30
Q

What factors lead to deindividuation?

A

Group size, low self-awareness, anonymity, arousing/distracting activities,

31
Q

What is leadership?

A

The process by which certain group members motivate and guide the group.

32
Q

What are the three leadership styles?

A

Task leaders, Social leaders, and Transformational leaders.

33
Q

What are task leaders?

A

Leaders who organize work, set standards, and focus on clear, short-term goals and reward people who meet them.

34
Q

What are social leaders?

A

Leaders who build teamwork, mediate conflict, and offer support.

35
Q

What are transformational leaders?

A

Leaders who inspire followers to focus on common, long-term goals.

36
Q

What is groupthinking?

A

A kind of thinking in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner.

37
Q

What is groupthink caused by?

A

Cohesive group, isolation of the group from the dissenting viewpoints, directive leader.

38
Q

What is group cohesiveness?

A

Qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking between members.

39
Q

What are the 8 symptoms of groupthink?

A
  1. Illusion of invulnerability.
  2. Unquestioned belief in the group’s morality.
  3. Rationalization.
  4. Stereotypes view of opponent.
  5. Conformity pressure.
  6. Self-censorship.
  7. Illusion of unanimity.
  8. Mindguards.
40
Q

What is normative influence?

A

Conformity based on a person’s desire to fulfill others’ expectations, often to gain acceptance.

41
Q

What is informational influence?

A

Conformity occurring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people.

42
Q

What was Sherif’s method?

A

Assessing suggestibility regarding seeming movement of light.

43
Q

What was Asch’s method?

A

Agreement with others’ obviously wrong perceptual judgments.

44
Q

What was Milgram’s method?

A

Complying with commands to shock another.

45
Q

What 8 factors predict conformity?

A
  1. Difficulty of the task
  2. Group size
  3. Group unanimity
  4. Cohesiveness
  5. Public
  6. No prior commitment
  7. Status of the other group members
  8. Crisis
46
Q

What is persuasion?

A

The process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.

47
Q

What is the need for cognition?

A

The motivation to think and analyze.

48
Q

How do we resist persuasion?

A

By strengthening personal commitment.

PSYC 3381 (Social Psychology) (4 decks)

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