exam 3 Flashcards
Where did wild horses inhabit most in the open areas?
Eurasia
When were many wild horses domesticated?
2 millennia BC
What did they do with the wild horses in 2 millennia BC?
exterminate them
horse found in Eastern Europe in until middle of the 19th century
tarpan (E. caballus caballus)
horse that is considered a distinct species?
Prezewalski
Where did the Prezewalski horse live?
remote steppe region between china and mongolia
Which style of riding requires more balance?
English
what is artificial lighting used for?
to trick the mares brain into thinking the days are longer
EFD
expected foaling date
gestation of a horse
320 days
How long is considered overdue in a horse?
2 weeks
at what day a pregnancy should you contact your vet if she has not foaled?
365 days
What stage of foaling does the mares water break?
stage 2
What is the 1,2,3 rule in foals?
standing within 1 hour, nursing within 2 hours, pass meconium within 3 hours
Important parts of zoo animal welfare
nutrition, enrichment, housing
Why is nutrition important to zoos?
because the animals have different digestive systems
what are the major problems in zoos?
pacing, circling, and head swaying
What animals can’t get rabies?
virginia opossums
endoderm
differentiates into the digestive tract, lungs, and bladder
mesoderm
skeleton, skeletal muscles, and connective tissues
ectoderm
skin, hair, brain, spinal cord
hyperplasia
increase in cell numbers; most of increases in fetus during first 2/3 of prenatal period
hypertrophy
increase in cell size; last trimester of pregnancy and postnatal growth
mare and sow placenta type
diffuse
ewe, cow placenta type
cotyledonary
women and rat placenta type
discoid
bitch and queen placenta type
zonary
1 .Preparation of parturition
-uterine contractions
-force fetal fluids and membranes against cervix
-cervix dilates
parturition 2. expulsion of the fetus
-violent contractions of myometrium, diaphragm, abdominal muscles
parturition 3. expulsion of placenta
-in sows placental membranes sometimes shed between piglets
order of growing tissues based on nutrient
- nerve tissue
- bone
- vital organs
- muscle
- fat
Duplex uterus
-2 cervixes
-no uterine body
-1 or 2 vaginas
bicornuate uterus
-1 cerix
-developed uterine body
-1 vagina
simplex uterus
-1 certix
-uterine body
-no uterine horns
-1 vagina
what animals have a duplex uterus?
opossums, mouse, rabbit
what animals have bicornuate uterus?
cow, ewe, mare, sow, bitch
what animal has simplex uterus?
primate
follicle
blister like structure on ovary that contains maturing egg
corpus leteum
active tissue that develops on the ovary at the site where an ovum has been shed
corpus albicans
tiny scars that remain after complete regression of the earlier lutea
bull, ram and boar penis type
flibroelastic
stallion, dog, cat, man penis type
vascular
where does a boar deposit semen?
in the cervix (corkscrew penis)
what species lack sigmoid flexure?
horse and rooster
bloody body
corpus hemiragicle
yellow body
corpus retium
BSE
breeding soundness exam and bovine spongiform encephalopathy
eutherian
placental mammals
syngamy
fusion of embryo and sperm
where does syngamy occur? aka fertilization
ampullary-isthmus junction
precocial
animals born with ability to take care of themselves
preputial
pouch that contributes to smegma
polyspermy
when an osteocyte is penetrated by more than one sperm
zona pellucola
part of egg to keep polyspermy from happening
where is the point of attachment in placenta?
placetons
fetal side of placenta
cotyledonary
maternal side of the placenta
caruncle
cotyledonary and caruncle together
placentome
furious rabies
-affects 80%
-paranoia, terror, hallucinations, delirium
-hydrophobia
-death by cardiac arrest
paralytics rabies
-affects 20%
-gradual coma
-death
