exam 3

Question 1

descriptive models

Answer 1

just the output/results

Question 2

mechanistic models

Answer 2

include descriptions of interactions

Question 3

pathogen can go extinct if B is

Answer 3

low

Question 4

pathogen can go extinct if H is

Answer 4

low

Question 5

pathogen can go extinct if a is

Answer 5

high

Question 6

pathogen can go extinct if d is

Answer 6

high

Question 7

pathogen can go extinct if Y is

Answer 7

high

Question 8

rate

Answer 8

number of events per unit time

Question 9

periodicty

Answer 9

time interval required for an event to occur (reoccur)

Question 10

hutchinson’s niche

Answer 10

n-dimensional hypervolume describes how a species “occupies” or uses the environment

Question 11

grinnel’s niche

Answer 11

what is occupation of organisms, what does it do? includes hutchinson’s niche

Question 12

fundamental niche

Answer 12

what could you do

Question 13

realized niche

Answer 13

what you actually do

Question 14

biome

Answer 14

the largest geographic biotic unit, classified by predominant vegetation and characterized by adaptations of organisms to that particular climatic environment

Question 15

competition

Answer 15

mutually detrimental, may increase with similarity and/but limited resources are a requirement

Question 16

antagonistic predation and parasitism

Answer 16

one part gains at expense of another

Question 17

mutualism

Answer 17

both participants experience benefit

Question 18

commensalism

Answer 18

one party experiences net benefit, other no effect

Question 19

amensalism

Answer 19

one party experiences detriment, other no effect

Question 20

biodiversity hot spots

Answer 20

engines for creation and/or maintenance of biodiversity, high species richness, high diversity, low rate of things being lost

Question 21

coefficient of variation

Answer 21

(stdev/average) is a measure of among-sample variability

Question 22

species area relationships

Answer 22

how to predict richness, S=cA^Z

Question 23

succession

Answer 23

process of change in a community composition, structure, or function over time. mediated by habitat transformation and interspecific interactions

Question 24

primary succession

Answer 24

brand new sterile habitat colonized by life

Question 25

secondary succession

Answer 25

already have something in place, profoundly disrupted and now bouncing back

Question 26

intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Answer 26

disturbance encourages an increase in diversity, the most diverse places have multiple stages of successional development

Question 27

evolutionary lineage concept negatives

Answer 27

can’t figure out how stable and compare because its from the past

Question 28

biological species concept

Answer 28

reproductive isolation defines the boundaries of species

Question 29

biological species concept negatives

Answer 29

not useful for things dead or that don’t really mate, work in a small sliver of reality

Question 30

typological species concept

Answer 30

species are groups of individuals sharing a common set of attributes

Question 31

typological species concept negatives

Answer 31

not useful for behavioral information, and contingent on expertise

Question 32

operational taxonomic units

Answer 32

defined based on similarity in genome or marker genes at a threshold set by a researcher

Question 33

operational taxonomic units negatives

Answer 33

chunks of genomes that screw data, and can be very general and assume some species we know to be different to be the same

Question 34

anagenesis

Answer 34

pattern of speciation wherein a single species is transformed (evolves) into a different species over the course of many many generations

Question 35

cladogenesis

Answer 35

pattern of speciation wherein a ancestral lineage splits to produce multiple branches (clades)

Question 36

habitat isolation

Answer 36

pre-zygotic isolation barrier - breed in different locations

Question 37

temporal isolation

Answer 37

pre-zygotic isolation barrier - reach maturity and/or breed in different eras

Question 38

behavioral isolation

Answer 38

pre-zygotic isolation barrier - utilize dissimilar mate recognition systems, such that the recognition becomes challenging