exam 3 Flashcards
descriptive models
just the output/results
mechanistic models
include descriptions of interactions
pathogen can go extinct if B is
low
pathogen can go extinct if H is
low
pathogen can go extinct if a is
high
pathogen can go extinct if d is
high
pathogen can go extinct if Y is
high
rate
number of events per unit time
periodicty
time interval required for an event to occur (reoccur)
hutchinson’s niche
n-dimensional hypervolume describes how a species “occupies” or uses the environment
grinnel’s niche
what is occupation of organisms, what does it do? includes hutchinson’s niche
fundamental niche
what could you do
realized niche
what you actually do
biome
the largest geographic biotic unit, classified by predominant vegetation and characterized by adaptations of organisms to that particular climatic environment
competition
mutually detrimental, may increase with similarity and/but limited resources are a requirement
antagonistic predation and parasitism
one part gains at expense of another
mutualism
both participants experience benefit
commensalism
one party experiences net benefit, other no effect
amensalism
one party experiences detriment, other no effect
biodiversity hot spots
engines for creation and/or maintenance of biodiversity, high species richness, high diversity, low rate of things being lost
coefficient of variation
(stdev/average) is a measure of among-sample variability
species area relationships
how to predict richness, S=cA^Z
succession
process of change in a community composition, structure, or function over time. mediated by habitat transformation and interspecific interactions
primary succession
brand new sterile habitat colonized by life
secondary succession
already have something in place, profoundly disrupted and now bouncing back
intermediate disturbance hypothesis
disturbance encourages an increase in diversity, the most diverse places have multiple stages of successional development
evolutionary lineage concept negatives
can’t figure out how stable and compare because its from the past
biological species concept
reproductive isolation defines the boundaries of species
biological species concept negatives
not useful for things dead or that don’t really mate, work in a small sliver of reality
typological species concept
species are groups of individuals sharing a common set of attributes
typological species concept negatives
not useful for behavioral information, and contingent on expertise
operational taxonomic units
defined based on similarity in genome or marker genes at a threshold set by a researcher
operational taxonomic units negatives
chunks of genomes that screw data, and can be very general and assume some species we know to be different to be the same
anagenesis
pattern of speciation wherein a single species is transformed (evolves) into a different species over the course of many many generations
cladogenesis
pattern of speciation wherein a ancestral lineage splits to produce multiple branches (clades)
habitat isolation
pre-zygotic isolation barrier - breed in different locations
temporal isolation
pre-zygotic isolation barrier - reach maturity and/or breed in different eras
behavioral isolation
pre-zygotic isolation barrier - utilize dissimilar mate recognition systems, such that the recognition becomes challenging
