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Community > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Community assessment includes what influences

A

-biologic
-Psychologic
-Sociocultural
-Environmental

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2
Q

What is a windshield survey community assessment

A

-public health nurse is community assessments are often informal
-Observation of a community while driving a car or Friday in public transit to collect data for community assessment
-Often referred to as learning about a community on foot

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3
Q

Epidemiologic approach of community assessment

A

-to community assessment helps to identify patterns of health/iniquity to assist in determining trends
-Describing the health of a population
-Determining relationships that can protect Health and illness
-Developing and testing interventions to empower communities to affect change
-geographical information systems: drawing relationships, and associations important to community, assessments (visual maps of deficiencies in the US)

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4
Q

Community report cards report

A

-social and health trends including
-Health of the community
-Safety of the community
-Access to healthcare
-Economics of the community

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5
Q

Home care is a continuum of care, giving the clients opportunity to move through the experiences of

A

-Subacute care
-chronic care
-End of life care
-Palliative care

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6
Q

Members of the home care team include

A

Nurse, patient, family, friends and neighbors

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7
Q

Home care is complex and includes

A

-Family caregivers needs for education regarding aspects of a disease
-Environment: assessment for Safety (scattered rugs, assessability)
-Nurses attention to consistent assessment and intervention criteria
-when to call for help
-ask 3 good questions

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8
Q

Frameworks, models and approaches to community assessments depend on what and can be what

A

-type of community
-combination w each other

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9
Q

Functional status approach

A

-evaluates functional health patterns in the community.A deliberate and systematic approach
-assessment is used as a form of a evaluation
-pattern represent a configuration of behaviors
-understanding of the patterns allow insight into how group respond to problems and how they react to the problems

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10
Q

The developmental approach

A

-use of retrospective historical approach to understand cultural changes over times to provide information for future initiatives
-looking at past historical reports can describe cultural changes within the community or aggregate overtime and helps to plan for the future

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11
Q

Care management

A

-coordination of a plan or process to bring health services together as a common whole in a cost-effective way

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12
Q

Case Management

A

-development and coordination of care for a selected client and family (nurse)

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13
Q

Telehealth communication delivers certain forms of care including

A

-acute care
-speciality consults

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14
Q

Five phases of actual home care visit

A

-Initiating the visit
-Preparation, including equipment, directors, and personal safety
-The in-home visit includes assessing patient safety, risk of medication errors, risk of falls, risk of abuse and neglect
-termination of the visit
-post visit planning

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15
Q

What is the major concern an actual home care visits?

A

Safety of patient and nurse

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16
Q

Family has a broad definition of

A

-2 or more persons who share emotional closeness and identify themselves as members of a family
-Families decide who they are and they set the boundaries
-Understanding, family health practices, routines, and responses to difficult situations evolve from complex environments and dynamic interpersonal interactions

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17
Q

What is a genogram?

A

-Family structure usually two generations

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18
Q

What is an eco-map?

A

-outline of influences of other systems or groups on the family

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19
Q

Family systems theory

A

-interactive members with their environment and community church, etc.

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20
Q

family structural functional theory

A

-determine family structure and the essential functions/basic needs food shelter, additional members affect, economics and healthcare, promotion and protection)

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21
Q

family, developmental theory

A

-lifecycle theory/predictable 18 years old get a job education/vocation. Leave home get married have 2.3 kids, etc.

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22
Q

Contemporary family issues

A

-Development/stages and timing or not as predictable
-Changes in Family lifecycle: leaving home later, moving back in economics, etc.
-Changes in family structure include single parent, families, blended families, cohabitating couples and families, gay and lesbian families, homeless families

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23
Q

Family nursing theory

A

-Family system Nursing FSN: conceptual framework to promote family nursing practice
-Focus on the family as the unit of care assess the impact of health impact of suffering from illness and family function
-Try to understand the family relationships, interactions, and reciprocity
-Structural assessment of family composition, extended, external connections, and contacts of culture, race, religion, and spiritual environment

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24
Q

Family nursing theory: family assessment

A

-Calgary family assessment Model/assist w a visual
-includes genogram an ecomaps

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25
Q

Family nursing theory: family interventions

A

-Calgary family intervention model
-Cognitive domain-change the way family perceives health problem
-Affective domain-harness feelings, and emotions to be able to cope and problem solve
-Behavioral domain-action/doing to change behaviors to promote healthy coping adjustment and family functioning

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26
Q

Family interview

A

-assessment and intervention’s: focus is to enhance, improve and sustain family functioning
-Establishment of a collaborative partnership/respect and gain trust
-Use of therapeutic conversation: focus on the family, strength and resiliency
-No standard or pre-planned interventions

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27
Q

Family interview five leading principles

A

-manners: common courtesies
-Therapeutic conversation: purposeful focus conversation 15 minute interview (research supports as being powerful effective and efficient)
-Ecomaps and genograms: invaluable visual
-Therapeutic questions: allow family to identify their expectations
-Acknowledging family strengths: encourage remind family of their assets, enabling family to view the situation differently

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28
Q

Caregiver burden

A

-24/7 care
-significant stressor
-Caregivers May feel, trapped, isolated, overwhelmed no one to help them
-Family caregivers in need of education and support

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29
Q

An infectious disease may or may not be

A

contagious or communicable

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30
Q

What is a carrier?

A

-A person or animal who harbors an infectious organism, transmit the organism to others while having no symptoms of the disease

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31
Q

What is the incubation Period

A

-Multiplication. An infection occurs (exposure to signs and symptoms) influenza 24 to 72 hours after virus enters.
-Communicable one day prior to symptoms and 3 to 7 days after symptoms start

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32
Q

What are cute communicable diseases

A

-illnesses caused by viruses or bacteria that people spread to one another through contact with contaminated services, bodily fluids, blood products, insect bites or through air

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33
Q

What is colonization?

A

-The presence and multiplication of infectious organisms without invading are causing damage to tissue. Infectious agent is present and no clinical signs

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34
Q

What is an endemic

A

-infection or infectious agent prevalent within a population or geographic area

35
Q

Epidemic

A

-also referred to an outbreak, a significant increase in an infection or infectious disease be on the endemic level. Significant increase in the number of new cases of a disease. Then past experiences would have predicted for that place time or population

36
Q

Pandemic

A

-infectious disease over a whole country or worldwide

37
Q

Epidemic triad

A

-what: agent, microbe that causes the disease
-Who: host, human, or animal, or insect harboring, infectious agent
-Where: environment, external factors, allowing the transmission

38
Q

Chain of infection

A

-A portal of exit from the infected person or animal
-A means of transmission
-A portal of entry to a susceptible host

39
Q

Pathogenicity

A

-ability of the infectious agent to produce an infectious disease in a susceptible host

40
Q

Infectivity

A

-ability of the agent to invade the host and replicate, depending on the route of entry and host susceptibility

41
Q

Invasiveness

A

-ability of the agent to destroy body cells

42
Q

Toxicity

A

-ability of the agent to produce toxins

43
Q

Virulence

A

-Severity of the infectious disease resulting from exposure to the agent

44
Q

Microbes/pathogen/viruses exist to do what in the body

A

Survive and replicate

45
Q

Outbreak investigation includes

A

-establishing the existence of an outbreak
-Describing cases by a person, place and time
-Common source outbreak
-Propagated (continuous) outbreak
-Secondary infections

46
Q

Establishing the existence of an outbreak

A

-Comparison of the incidence of cases with baseline. Observed rates must be greater than expected level
example smallpox eradicated worldwide in 1977 so two cases in US are above expected level

47
Q

Describing cases by person, place and time

A

-demographic variables, such as age, sex, occupation, exposure, used to compare the characteristics of those who develop an infection to those who do not

48
Q

Common source outbreak

A

-same origin (same person or vehicle as the reservoir or means of transmission)

49
Q

Propagated continuous outbreak

A

-Infection, transmitted from person to person over a longer period of time than a common source
Example measles

50
Q

Secondary infections

A

-infections occurring during or after treatment for another infection

51
Q

Example of HAI

A

-UTI (catheter associated)
-SSIs (surgical site)
-bloodstream infection (central lines)
-pneumonia

52
Q

Specific communicable disease categories

A

-foodborne
-waterborne
-STDS & STIs

53
Q

Prevention and control of foodborne diseases

A

-basics of handling food safely
-Pasteurizing
-safe shopping
-storage
-prep
-thawing
-cooking
-serving
-leftovers
-refreezing

54
Q

Prevention and control of waterborne diseases

A

-community water systems regulated by the EPA

55
Q

Prevention and Control of STIs

A

-CDC provides an effective systems for STD prevention to assist community/public health professionals in the design, implementation, and evaluation of STD prevention and control programs

56
Q

USDHHS health surveillance

A

-federal
-department of health and human services
(US public health infrastructure that develops policies to protect the nations health)

57
Q

CDC public health surveillance

A

-federal
-major USDHHS agency that develops guidelines that promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury and disability

58
Q

What is surveillance

A

-a continual dynamic method for gathering data about the health of the general public for the purpose of primary prevention of illness

59
Q

Recent and re-emerging infectious diseases

A

-toxic shock syndrome TSS
-legionnaires disease
-AIDS
-Lyme disease
-hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
-escherichia coli
-streptococcus
-mad cow disease
-H1N1influenza A (Spanish flu)
-Ebola hemorrhagic fever
-SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome
-H1N1 2009 influenza virus (swine flu)
-Avian influenza A (H7N9)
-Zika virus
-2012 coronavirus (CoV)
-tuberculosis
-west Nile virus

60
Q

Legionnaires

A

-legionella pneumophila bacterium 1979

61
Q

HPS

A

-1993 Navajo nation new mexico

62
Q

E. coli

A

-animal intestines foodborne

63
Q

Streptococcus pyrogens

A

Group A strep
-invades the normal walking off process by the human immune system
-flesh eating bacteria
-necrotizing fasciitis

64
Q

Mad cow disease

A

-protein rather than a microorganism to human
-caused slaughter of thousands of cattle in England

65
Q

H1N1 influenza A

A

-Spanish flu
-1918-1920 deadly global pandemic

66
Q

Ebola

A

-1976
-Sudan republic of Congo (Ebola river)
-case fatality rate of 50-100% since since initial recognition. Virus believed to be zoonotic (animal and bird borne/blood, body fluids, dropping and organs of infected animal

67
Q

SARS

A

-severe acute respiratory syndrome
-viral illness in Asia 2003

68
Q

Avian influenza virus (H5N1)

A

-Bird flu 2003
-usually risk is low to human
-infected poultry

69
Q

H1N1 2009 influenza virus

A

-swine flu
-causing the first flu pandemic in more than 40 years and the first in the 21st century

70
Q

2012 coronavirus

A

coV
-middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

71
Q

Avian influenza (H7N9)

A

-2013 China
-subgroup of influenza virus/birds

72
Q

Zika Virus

A

-mosquito-borne (vector) virus
-1947 Zika forest in Uganda, later noted person to person transmission (transfusion and sexual contact with infected person)
-pregnant women/congenital infection (microcephaly, CNS malformation)

73
Q

Tuberculosis

A

-mycobacterium
-remains one of the most common worldwide/ 10 top causes of diseases

74
Q

West Nile virus

A

-infected mosquito bite

75
Q

Vaccine preventable disease

A

-measles
-mumps
-rubella
-pertussis
-tetanus, pertussis

76
Q

Why are vaccine-preventable diseases reemerging

A

-unvaccinated and travel from other countries

77
Q

antibiotic resistant microorganisms

A

-CDIFF
-Carbapenem resistant enterobacteriacae CRE
-Neisseria gonorrhoeae

78
Q

Carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae CRE

A

-difficult to treat or untreatable ( vents, urinary Cathy’s, IV caths, long term ABT)

79
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

-CDC recommends dual therapy w ceftraixone and azithromycin

80
Q

Serious threats

A

TB common serious threat

81
Q

concerning threats

A

-causes severe illness and require rapid outbreak response

82
Q

Urgent threats

A

Potential to become widespread

83
Q

Antibiotic stewardship program

A

-a joint policy to coordinate strategy to improve use of Antibiotics to reduce resistance and unnecessary cost

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