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Life-Span > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

the transition from adolescence to adulthood

A

Emerging Adulthood

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2
Q

doing something to obtain something else (the activity is a means to an end)

A

Extrinsic Motivation

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3
Q

the internal motivation to do something for its own sake (the activity is an end in itself)

A

Intrinsic Motivation

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4
Q

passion and persistence in achieving long-term goals

A

Grit

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5
Q

positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned with or stressed out about their romantic relationships

A

Secure Attachment Style

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6
Q

hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once they are in a relationship tend to distance themselves from their partner

A

Avoidant Attachment Style

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7
Q

demand closeness, are less trusting, and are more emotional, jealous, and possessive

A

Anxious Attachment Style

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8
Q

our own attitudes and values are supported when someone else’s attitudes and values are similar to ours

A

Consensual Validation

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9
Q

although we may prefer a more attractive person in the abstract, in the real world we end up choosing someone who is close to our own level of attractiveness

A

Matching Hypothesis

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10
Q

has strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and it often predominates the early part of a love relationship

A

Romantic Love

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11
Q

the type of love that occurs when someone desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for the person

A

Affectionate Love

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12
Q

involves all three dimensions of love

A

Consummate Love

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13
Q

competent in multiple areas of life, showing a remarkable ability to bounce back from stressful circumstances and to create something meaningful out of problems

A

The Enhancers

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14
Q

average people coping with divorce; they showed some strengths and some weaknesses, some successes and some failures

A

The Good-Enoughs

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15
Q

these individuals were motivated to find new mates as soon as possible

A

The Seekers

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16
Q

people in this category often spent more time in singles bars and had more casual sex than their counterparts in other divorce categories

A

The Libertines

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17
Q

they had a successful career, an active social life, and a wide range of interests, but had little interest in sharing their lives with anyone else

A

The Competent Loners

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18
Q

some of these individuals had problems before their divorce, and these problems increased after the breakup when the added stress of a failed marriage was more than they could handle

A

The Defeated

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19
Q

goes beyond adolescent thinking by being more reflexive, practical, and more flexible

A

Postformal Thought

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20
Q

things are right or wrong and authorities determine this difference; have a hard time seeing multiple solutions to a problem

A

Dualism

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21
Q

subjectivity in what’s right and wrong, shift from authority to peers; can provide arguments for both sides of an issue

A

Multiplicity

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22
Q

start to realize that there may be multiple solutions to a single problem; look for supporting evidence

A

Contextual Relativism

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23
Q

many perspectives may be valid, learn to evaluate evidence; recognize how contexts can shape solutions

A

Commitment within Contextual Relativism

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24
Q

an ingrained cultural belief that engaging in hard work and long hours through adulthood will lead to status, security, and happiness

A

Career Mystique

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25
Q

where you are going in life, what do you want to achieve, and why

A

Purpose

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26
Q

couples who are committed to each other and spend time together but maintain separate homes

A

Living Apart Together

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27
Q

strongest at beginning of relationship; feelings and desires

A

Passion

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28
Q

self-disclosure

A

Intimacy

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29
Q

promises

A

Commitment

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30
Q

the developmental period that begins at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extends to about 60 to 65 years of age

A

Middle Adulthood

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31
Q

age-related loss of muscle mass and strength

A

Sarcopenia

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32
Q

a condition characterized by hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance

A

Metabolic Syndrome

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33
Q

characterized by a slow onset and a long duration

A

Chronic Disorders

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34
Q

a term that is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines

A

Climacteric

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35
Q

the time in middle age, usually during the late forties or early fifties, when a woman’s menstrual periods cease

A

Menopause

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36
Q

the transitional period from normal menstrual periods to no menstrual periods at all, which often takes up to 10 years

A

Perimenopause

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37
Q

a condition in which the body does not produce enough testosterone

A

Male Hypogonadism

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38
Q

an individual’s accumulated information and verbal skills

A

Crystallized Intelligence

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39
Q

one’s ability to reason abstractly

A

Fluid Intelligence

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40
Q

ability to understand ideas expressed in words

A

Verbal Comprehension

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41
Q

ability to encode and recall meaningful language units, such as a list of words

A

Verbal Memory

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42
Q

ability to perform simple mathematical computations such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication

A

Numeric Facility

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43
Q

ability to visualize and mentally rotate stimuli in two and three dimensional space

A

Spatial Orientation

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44
Q

ability to recognize and understand patterns and relationships in a problem and to use this understanding to solve other instances of the problem

A

Inductive Reasoning

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45
Q

ability to quickly and accurately make simple discriminations in visual stimuli

A

Perceptual Speed

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46
Q

the pleasant times after work when individuals are free to pursue activities and interests of their own choosing

A

Leisure

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47
Q

an organized set of beliefs, practices, rituals, and symbols that increases an individual’s connection to a sacred or transcendent other (God, higher power, or ultimate truth)

A

Religion

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48
Q

involves experiencing something beyond oneself in a transcendent manner and living in a way that benefits others and society

A

Spirituality

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49
Q

how life events influence the individual’s development depends not only on the life event itself but also on mediating factors (such as physical health and family supports), the individual’s adaptation to the life event (such as appraisal of the threat, and coping strategies), the life-stage context, and the sociohistorical context

A

Contemporary Life-Events Approach

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50
Q

how life events influence the individual’s development depends not only on the life event itself but also on mediating factors (such as physical health and family supports), the individual’s adaptation to the life event (such as appraisal of the threat, and coping strategies), the life-stage context, and the sociohistorical context

A

Contemporary Life-Events Approach

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51
Q

when men face stress, they are more likely to become aggressive, withdraw from social contact, or drink alcohol

A

Fight or Flight

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52
Q

when women experience stress, they seek social alliances with others, especially friends

A

Tend and Befriend

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53
Q

the timetable on which individuals are expected to accomplish life’s tasks, such as getting married, having children, or establishing themselves in a career

A

Social Clock

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54
Q

states that with time and age people become more adept at interacting with their environment in ways that promote increased stability of personality

A

Cumulative Personality Model of Personality Development

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55
Q

a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home

A

Empty Next Syndrome

56
Q

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

A

Intelligence

57
Q

proposed by Spearman; underlies all mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test

A

General Intelligence (g)

58
Q

problem-solving, analyze, judge, evaluate

A

Analytical

59
Q

use, apply, implement

A

Practical

60
Q

create, design, invent, imagine

A

Creative

61
Q

middle-aged people who are supposedly squeezed by the needs of the younger and older members of the famiy

A

Sandwich Generation

62
Q

child cannot form attachments

A

Reactive Attachment Disorder

63
Q

people who move through the years of life with a person, all aging together

A

Social Convoy

64
Q

people who become accepted as part of a family who have no genetic or legal relationship to that family

A

Fictive Kin

65
Q

the maximum number of years an individual can live

A

Life Span

66
Q

the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live

A

Life Expectancy

67
Q

process of staving off high-mortality chronic diseases until much later ages than usual

A

Compression of Morbidity

68
Q

natural selection has not eliminated many harmful conditions and nonadaptive characteristics in older adults

A

Evolutionary Theory of Aging

69
Q

theory that cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times, and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing

A

Cellular Clock Theory

70
Q

states that people age because when cells metabolize energy, the by-products include unstable oxygen molecules known as free radicals. The free radicals ricochet around the cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures

A

Free Radical Theory

71
Q

states that aging is due to the decay of mitochondria

A

Mitochondrial Theory

72
Q

a family of proteins that have been linked to longevity, regulation of mitochondria functioning in energy, possible benefits of calorie restriction, stress resistance, and lower rates of diabetes, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, cardiovascular disease, and cancer

A

Sirtuins

73
Q

a cellular pathway that involves the regulation of growth and metabolism

A

mTOR Pathway

74
Q

argues that aging in the body’s hormonal system can lower resistance to stress and increase the likelihood of disease

A

Hormonal Stress Theory

75
Q

when faced with external challenged such as stressful situations, the human body adapts by altering internal physiological processes

A

Allostasis

76
Q

a wearing down of body systems due to constant activity

A

Allostatic Load

77
Q

the generation of new neurons

A

Neurogenesis

78
Q

a thickening of the lens of the eye that causes vision to become cloudy and distorted

A

Cataracts

79
Q

involves damage to the optic nerve because of the pressure created by a buildup of fluid in the eye

A

Glaucoma

80
Q

involves deterioration of the macula of the retina, which corresponds to the focal center of the visual field

A

Macular Degeneration

81
Q

the inflammation of the joints accompanied by pain, stiffness, and movement problems

A

Arthritis

82
Q

involves an extensive loss of bone tissue

A

Osteoporosis

83
Q

the ‘hardware’ of the mind and reflect the neurophysiological architecture of the brain that was developed through evolution

A

Cognitive Mechanics

84
Q

the culture-based ‘software programs’ of the mind

A

Cognitive Pragmatics

85
Q

focusing on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others that are irrelevant

A

Selective Attention

86
Q

concentrating on more than one activity at the same time

A

Divided Attention

87
Q

focused and extended engagement with an object, task, event, or some other aspect of the environment

A

Sustained Attention

88
Q

planning actions, allocating attention to goals, detecting and compensating for errors, monitoring progress on tasks, and dealing with novel or difficult circumstances

A

Executive Attention

89
Q

memory of facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state

A

Explicit Memory

90
Q

memory without conscious recollection; it involves skills and routine procedures that are performed automatically

A

Implicit Memory

91
Q

the retention of information about the details of life’s happenings

A

Episodic Memory

92
Q

adults remember more events from the second and third decades of their lives than from other decades

A

Reminiscence Bump

93
Q

a person’s knowledge about the world

A

Semantic Memory

94
Q

the ability to remember where one learned something

A

Source Memory

95
Q

remembering to do something in the future

A

Prospective Memory

96
Q

expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life that permits excellent judgment about important matters

A

Wisdom

97
Q

changes in cognitive functioning may be linked more to distance from death or cognition-related pathology than to distance from birth

A

Terminal Decline

98
Q

a global term for several neurological disorders involving an irreversible decline in mental function severe enough to interfere with daily life

A

Dementia

99
Q

a progressive, irreversible brain disorder that is characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually, physical function

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

100
Q

dense deposits of protein that accumulate in the blood vessels

A

Amyloid Plaques

101
Q

twisted fibers that build up in neurons

A

Neurofibrillary Tangles

102
Q

a potential transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and very early states of Alzheimer’s Disease and other dementias

A

Mild Cognitive Impairment

103
Q

a chronic, progressive disease characterized by muscle tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis

A

Parkinson’s Disease

104
Q

a shift in the proportions of the populations of various ages

A

Demographic Shift

105
Q

healthy, active, financially secure, and independent

A

Young-Old

106
Q

suffer losses in body, mind, or social support, but care for themselves

A

Old-Old

107
Q

dependent on others to care for them

A

Oldest-Old

108
Q

material at the end of each chromosome that shortens with time

A

Telomeres

109
Q

any number of brain diseases that affect a person’s ability to remember, analyze, plan, or interact with others

A

Neurocognitive Disorders

110
Q

related to structural or metabolic brain function; fluctuations in symptom severity

A

Delirium Category

111
Q

cognitive difficulties go beyond typical aging; can live independently

A

Mild Category

112
Q

cognitive deficits interfere with independence in daily functioning

A

Major Category

113
Q

difficulties with instrumental daily living activities (e.g., housework)

A

Mild Severity

114
Q

difficulties with basic activities of daily living (e.g., feeding, dressing)

A

Moderate Severity

115
Q

fully dependent on others because of neurocognitive deficits

A

Severe Severity

116
Q

characterized by sporadic and progressive loss of intellectual functioning caused by repeated temporary obstructions of blood vessels

A

Vascular Disease

117
Q

characterized by an increase in Lewy body cells in the brain

A

Lewy Body Disease

118
Q

bosting about their past (both good and bad)

A

Integrity

119
Q

multiple generations with only a few members at each level

A

Beanpole Family

120
Q

obligation of adult children to care for their aging parents

A

Filial Responsibility

121
Q

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

A

Stages of Dying: Kubler-Ross

122
Q

physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualization, self-transcendence

A

Stages of Dying: Maslow’s Hierarchy

123
Q

an institution or program in which terminally ill patients receive palliative care to reduce suffering

A

Hospice

124
Q

treatment to provide physical and emotional comfort to those who are dying

A

Palliative Care

125
Q

person near death is allowed to die

A

Passive Euthanasia

126
Q

when someone does something that expedites death

A

Active Euthanasia

127
Q

description of what a person wants to happen during and after death

A

Advance Directives

128
Q

document that indicates what medical intervention an individual prefers if they’re not able to make the decision

A

Healthcare Directive/Living Will

129
Q

person chosen to make medical decisions if patient unavailable

A

Health Care Proxy

130
Q

what happens to your possessions when you die

A

Will

131
Q

deep sorrow people feel at the death of another

A

Grief

132
Q

clinical diagnosis of major depressive disorder after a death

A

Complicated Grief

133
Q

mourners don’t grieve

A

Absent Grief

134
Q

certain people are prevented from mourning publicly or are socially excluded

A

Disenfranchised Grief

135
Q

circumstances may interfere with grieving

A

Incomplete Grief

136
Q

public and ritualistic expression of bereavement

A

Mourning

Life-Span (3 decks)

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