Exam 3

Question 1

Role of Vascular tissue in spore dispersal

Answer 1

provides transport pathways for water, nutrients, and signaling molecules

Question 2

Gametophyte dominant life cycles

Answer 2

bryophytes, mosses and liverworts
adult life period is longest, haploid dominant

Question 3

Sporophyte dominant life cycles

Answer 3

angiosperm and gymnosperm,
fertilization process is longest, diploid dominant

Question 4

modern lycophytes are ____ compared to lepidodendron

Answer 4

smaller in size

Question 5

Homospory

Answer 5

producing spores of similar shape and size

Question 6

Heterospory

Answer 6

producing different types of spores

Question 7

selaginella life cycle

Answer 7

Sporophyte dominant, 2n diploid

Question 8

Sori

Answer 8

cluster of sporangia

Question 9

sporangia

Answer 9

little leaf sperm balls, contains spores

Question 10

spores

Answer 10

packets of haploid sperm

Question 11

Annulus in fern

Answer 11

thin side walls

Question 12

Fern life cycle

Answer 12

n, haploid dominant gametophyte

Question 13

Water Ferns

Answer 13

Azolla, Salvinia, Marsilea

Question 14

Plants effect on climate

Answer 14

lower carbon dioxide = lower temperatures, ice caps and dried planet

Question 15

Fate of non-seed-bearing vascular plants

Answer 15

Emergence of seed-bearing vascular plants with key adaptations took over.

Question 16

Male gametophyte in pine life cycle

Answer 16

4 cells, gametophytes are pollen
Sporangium (gonads) are multicellular structured gametophytes, each having 2 sperm.

Question 17

Female gametophyte in pine life cycle

Answer 17

Megaspore pinecone
Megasporangium has a mother cell in the megaspore, megaspore goes through meiosis, 4 eggs, only 1 survives.

Question 18

Pine Ovule

Answer 18

becomes seed, integument and megasporangium
diploid, 2n

Question 19

Cycads and Ginkgo have:

Answer 19

motile sperm, pollen tube delivers sperm to egg

Question 20

Gymnosperm and Angiosperm major difference

Answer 20

Gymnosperm seeds are naked/ open
Angiosperm seeds are surrounded/ protected by fruit

Question 21

4 major groups of gymnosperms

Answer 21

Conifers
Ginkgo
Cycads
Gnetophytes

Question 22

Largest tree in world

Answer 22

Giant Sequoias (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
in western foothills of Sierra Nevada

Question 23

Tallest tree in the world

Answer 23

Coastal Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
Western coast fog belt

Question 24

Oldest tree in world

Answer 24

Bristlecone Pine (Pinus longaeva)

Question 25

What are the fleshy red structure surrounding the seed of the yew (Taxus) plant, the fleshy white structure surrounding the Juniper seed, and the fleshy structure of the Gingko seed?

Answer 25

A modified Cone

Question 26

Monotypic plants (gymnosperm type)

Answer 26

one genera of plants that contains a single species (conifers)

Question 27

Welwitschia, found and special

Answer 27

Found in Western Namibia by sea 2 long, continuously growing leaves

Question 28

Pangea

Answer 28

Africa, South America, Europe

Question 29

"curious" sperm of cycads and ginkgo

Answer 29

Motile sperm, have to swim a short distance to eggs

Question 30

Monecious vs Dioecious

Answer 30

One house: both sperm and egg come from same plant, no distinct gendered plant. Two houses: sperm and egg come from male or female plants (different plants.)

Question 31

Evergreen vs Deciduous

Answer 31

Evergreen - only some leaves fall off Deciduous - all leaves fall off each year

Question 32

Development of Carpel

Answer 32

the main organ to the fruit and defining feature of angiosperms. protects, helps disperse, and supports seed development into a new plant.

Question 33

Hypogynous

Answer 33

superior ovary, whorls below ovary, ovary on top

Question 34

Epigynous

Answer 34

inferior ovary, all whorls above ovary, ovary below

Question 35

Perigynous

Answer 35

hypanthium is present but not attached to gymnosperm (around)

Question 36

Male part of angiosperm, pollen

Answer 36

androecium's pollen is produced from Stamen is on the flower and not from microsporangiate cones.

Question 37

Female part of gymnosperm, ovule

Answer 37

Pistel (corpel), enclosed area around the ovule, unlike angiosperm ovule which is out in the open

Question 38

Double fertilization and the resultant tissues

Answer 38

Endosperm tissue stores starch that the embryo use when seeds germinate. fertilization happens, no waste energy

Question 39

Inflorescence

Answer 39

A cluster of flowers, younger flowers continuously generated at the tip, grows indeterminately

Question 40

Racemes

Answer 40

pedicels and internodes

Question 41

Umbel

Answer 41

pedicels but no internodes

Question 42

Spike

Answer 42

internodes but no pedicels

Question 43

Head

Answer 43

Neither internodes nor pedicels

Question 44

Simple (berry)

Answer 44

syncarpous or unicarpellate gynoecium

Question 45

Pepo (watermelon, cucumber)

Answer 45

leathery rind outside

Question 46

Hesperidium (orange)

Answer 46

juice sacs and outer ovary becomes leathery rind with fragrant oil glands

Question 47

Pomes (apple)

Answer 47

fleshy fruit covered with hypanthium and has a leathery core from the ovary wall

Question 48

Drupes (cherries, peaches)

Answer 48

have extremely hard pits

Question 49

Follicle

Answer 49

dry, dehiscent fruit, formed from a single carpel, single seam

Question 50

Legume

Answer 50

single carpel but has two seams

Question 51

Capsule

Answer 51

dry, dehiscent fruit formed of multiple carpels

Question 52

Achene (seeds)

Answer 52

single-seeded dry, indehiscent fruit

Question 53

Samara

Answer 53

achene with wings

Question 54

Grain

Answer 54

single-seeded fruit, seeds cannot be separated from the fruit

Question 55

Nut

Answer 55

dry indehiscent fruit, each carpel separates from the other at maturity

Question 56

Aggregate

Answer 56

produced by a single flower, carpels never fused together

Question 57

Multiple fruits

Answer 57

result from fusion of fruits from several different flowers