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Bio 222 botany > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Role of Vascular tissue in spore dispersal

A

provides transport pathways for water, nutrients, and signaling molecules

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2
Q

Gametophyte dominant life cycles

A

bryophytes, mosses and liverworts
adult life period is longest, haploid dominant

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3
Q

Sporophyte dominant life cycles

A

angiosperm and gymnosperm,
fertilization process is longest, diploid dominant

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4
Q

modern lycophytes are ____ compared to lepidodendron

A

smaller in size

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5
Q

Homospory

A

producing spores of similar shape and size

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6
Q

Heterospory

A

producing different types of spores

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7
Q

selaginella life cycle

A

Sporophyte dominant, 2n diploid

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8
Q

Sori

A

cluster of sporangia

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9
Q

sporangia

A

little leaf sperm balls, contains spores

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10
Q

spores

A

packets of haploid sperm

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11
Q

Annulus in fern

A

thin side walls

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12
Q

Fern life cycle

A

n, haploid dominant gametophyte

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13
Q

Water Ferns

A

Azolla, Salvinia, Marsilea

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14
Q

Plants effect on climate

A

lower carbon dioxide = lower temperatures, ice caps and dried planet

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15
Q

Fate of non-seed-bearing vascular plants

A

Emergence of seed-bearing vascular plants with key adaptations took over.

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16
Q

Male gametophyte in pine life cycle

A

4 cells, gametophytes are pollen
Sporangium (gonads) are multicellular structured gametophytes, each having 2 sperm.

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17
Q

Female gametophyte in pine life cycle

A

Megaspore pinecone
Megasporangium has a mother cell in the megaspore, megaspore goes through meiosis, 4 eggs, only 1 survives.

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18
Q

Pine Ovule

A

becomes seed, integument and megasporangium
diploid, 2n

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19
Q

Cycads and Ginkgo have:

A

motile sperm, pollen tube delivers sperm to egg

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20
Q

Gymnosperm and Angiosperm major difference

A

Gymnosperm seeds are naked/ open
Angiosperm seeds are surrounded/ protected by fruit

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21
Q

4 major groups of gymnosperms

A

Conifers
Ginkgo
Cycads
Gnetophytes

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22
Q

Largest tree in world

A

Giant Sequoias (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
in western foothills of Sierra Nevada

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23
Q

Tallest tree in the world

A

Coastal Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
Western coast fog belt

24
Q

Oldest tree in world

A

Bristlecone Pine (Pinus longaeva)

25
Q

What are the fleshy red structure surrounding the seed of the yew (Taxus) plant, the fleshy white structure surrounding the Juniper seed, and the fleshy structure of the Gingko seed?

A

A modified Cone

26
Q

Monotypic plants (gymnosperm type)

A

one genera of plants that contains a single species
(conifers)

27
Q

Welwitschia, found and special

A

Found in Western Namibia by sea
2 long, continuously growing leaves

28
Q

Pangea

A

Africa, South America, Europe

29
Q

“curious” sperm of cycads and ginkgo

A

Motile sperm, have to swim a short distance to eggs

30
Q

Monecious vs Dioecious

A

One house: both sperm and egg come from same plant, no distinct gendered plant.
Two houses: sperm and egg come from male or female plants (different plants.)

31
Q

Evergreen vs Deciduous

A

Evergreen - only some leaves fall off
Deciduous - all leaves fall off each year

32
Q

Development of Carpel

A

the main organ to the fruit and defining feature of angiosperms.
protects, helps disperse, and supports seed development into a new plant.

33
Q

Hypogynous

A

superior ovary,
whorls below ovary, ovary on top

34
Q

Epigynous

A

inferior ovary,
all whorls above ovary, ovary below

35
Q

Perigynous

A

hypanthium is present but not attached to gymnosperm (around)

36
Q

Male part of angiosperm, pollen

A

androecium’s pollen is produced from Stamen is on the flower and not from microsporangiate cones.

37
Q

Female part of gymnosperm, ovule

A

Pistel (corpel), enclosed area around the ovule, unlike angiosperm ovule which is out in the open

38
Q

Double fertilization and the resultant tissues

A

Endosperm tissue stores starch that the embryo use when seeds germinate.
fertilization happens, no waste energy

39
Q

Inflorescence

A

A cluster of flowers, younger flowers continuously generated at the tip, grows indeterminately

40
Q

Racemes

A

pedicels and internodes

41
Q

Umbel

A

pedicels but no internodes

42
Q

Spike

A

internodes but no pedicels

43
Q

Head

A

Neither internodes nor pedicels

44
Q

Simple (berry)

A

syncarpous or unicarpellate gynoecium

45
Q

Pepo (watermelon, cucumber)

A

leathery rind outside

46
Q

Hesperidium (orange)

A

juice sacs and outer ovary becomes leathery rind with fragrant oil glands

47
Q

Pomes (apple)

A

fleshy fruit covered with hypanthium and has a leathery core from the ovary wall

48
Q

Drupes (cherries, peaches)

A

have extremely hard pits

49
Q

Follicle

A

dry, dehiscent fruit, formed from a single carpel, single seam

50
Q

Legume

A

single carpel but has two seams

51
Q

Capsule

A

dry, dehiscent fruit formed of multiple carpels

52
Q

Achene (seeds)

A

single-seeded dry, indehiscent fruit

53
Q

Samara

A

achene with wings

54
Q

Grain

A

single-seeded fruit, seeds cannot be separated from the fruit

55
Q

Nut

A

dry indehiscent fruit, each carpel separates from the other at maturity

56
Q

Aggregate

A

produced by a single flower, carpels never fused together

57
Q

Multiple fruits

A

result from fusion of fruits from several different flowers

Bio 222 botany (2 decks)

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