Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 222 botany > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Taxonomy

A

organization of biodiversity, common attributes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Hierarchical system of classification

A

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Nomenclature

A

naming newly discovered members of groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the problem with common names

A

common names can be the same or similar to another species without being related

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the advantage of scientific names

A

they are specific and reflect evolutionary relations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carl Linnaeus important contributions

A

Binomial Nomenclature (2 part naming) and Taxonomy (hierarchical classification system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Taxonomy and Systematics differences

A

taxonomy gave way to systematics, natural and phylogenetic classifications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is phylogeny

A

pattern of evolutionary history among species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Monophyly

A

group descended from a single ancestor (mammalia, angiosperms, insects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Polyphyly

A

group descended from more than one ancestor (trees, algae, flying vertebrates, flightless birds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Paraphyly

A

includes most recent ancestor, not all descendants (reptiles, bryophytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nodes vs tips

A

nodes is the connecting point of a branch, tips represent groups descendents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clade

A

branch that includes a single common ancestor and all of its descendants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA)

A

the ancestor that has more relation to an individual from which all directly descended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the Three Domains of Life

A

Bacteria, Eukarya and Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

characteristics of Prokaryotes

A

Archaea and Bacteria
small size and ribosomes, no nucleus or organelles, peptidoglycan cell wall, DNA is circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

characteristics of Eukaryotes

A

Eukarya
Large size and ribosomes, nucleus contains chromosomes, has organelles, a cellulose or chitin cell wall and linear DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primary Endosymbiosis

A

one cell eats another, if the cell is not digested it becomes part of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Prokaryotic cell type

A

single celled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Eukaryotic cell type

A

multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pigments

A

chlorophyll (green)
phycoerythrin (red)
phycocyanin (blue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria

A

anabaena, oscillatoria, nostoc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anabaena and nitrogen fixation

A

lives naturally in water fern, providing nitrogen for both itself and the fern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Red Algae pigments

A

chlorophyll a
phycobilins (phycoerythrin, phycocyanin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Red algae are the source for
food and pharmaceutical substances
26
Secondary endosymbiosis
Prokaryotic cells eat 2 other cells (becomes eukaryotic), that cell gets eaten by another one and becomes a chloroplast for the cell that ate it.
27
Why do chloroplast of diatoms and brown algae have 4 membranes instead of 2
They are heterokonts
28
Heterokonts defining feature
2 different flagella
29
is Brown Algae a haploid or diploid
Diploid
30
Brown Algae pigments
Chlorophyll a and c fucoxanthin
31
Fucus life cycle
the zygote becomes an embryo and develops into the mature Fucus with receptacles at the tip of the algae
32
chlamydomonas life cycle
after fertilization the zygote soon goes through meiosis and produces 4 haploid flagellated spores, which develop to haploid unicellular individuals
33
Why are diatoms cell wall special
they are the only organisms with transparent cell walls made of opaline silica
34
is Green algae haploid or diploid
Haploid
35
Green algae pigments
chlorophyll a and b carotenoids
36
chlamydomonas life cycle
after fertilization the zygote goes through meiosis, produces 4 haploid flagellated spores, develop into haploid unicellular individuals
37
what is spirogyra
spiral chloroplast, haploid dominant no sperm or eggs
38
conjugation in spirogyra
2 spiral filaments connect, dump all contents from one to the other, becomes a zygote cell
39
Isogamy
2 identical motile gametes which are not differentiated as male and female
40
Anisogamy
2 dissimilar male and female gametes are motile or immotile
41
Oogamy
immotile large female gamete and small motile male gamete
42
what are streptophytes
twisted plants (twisted sperm cells)
43
embryophytes characterization
land plants, do or don't produce seeds
44
Oogonium unicellular or multicellular
unicellular in algae and fungi
45
Archegonium unicellular or multicellular
multicellular in bryophyte and pteridophyte
46
Sporophyte reproduction
asexual, diploid
47
gametophyte reproduction
sexual, haploid
48
archegonia
female moss
49
antheridia
male moss
50
gametophyte in moss
haploid, main body part
51
sporophyte in moss remains attached to
female gametophytes
52
moss life cycle
Egg + sperm = zygote + mitosis = embryo = diploid cell repeat
53
Peristome function
disperses spores in embryophytes after lid (operculum) comes off
54
Thalloid liverwort has a
gametophyte body
55
Leafy liverwort
not true stem or leaves
56
Archegoniophores
female gametophyte (downward pointing)
57
Antheridiophores
male gametophyte (upward pointing)
58
Mosses
seed producing and non-seed producing Attach to the top of the moss gametophyte
59
Liverworts
capsule seeds Elaters disperse spores Small sporophytes
60
Hornworts
terrestrial and nonvascular, thallus body Sporangium splits open to release spores Long and slender
61
Which about Carl Linnaeus is FALSE? He published the book Species Plantarum. He devised of hierarchical system of classification. He introduced binomial system of nomenclature. He developed a “shorthand” designation for each species consisting of a single word.
developed a “shorthand” designation for each species consisting of a single word
62
The binomial name for poison ivy is Toxicodendron radicans. To what genus does this plant belong?
Toxicodendron
63
A natural classification system (i.e. systematics) differs from an artificial classification system in that a natural classification system:
reflects the evolutionary relationships among organisms
64
Which group is not monophyletic: Opisthokonts Red Algae Green Algae Embryophytes
Green Algae
65
Which stage of the plant life cycle is multicellular?
gametophyte
66
Which stage results from meiosis in plants?
spore
67
How many times did chloroplasts originate by endosymbiosis in green plants?
once (all green plant chloroplasts are descendants of the first one)
68
How many membranes surround brown algal chloroplasts?
4
69
Chrysophytes have
fucoxanthin
70
Which of the following statements about Chlamydomonas is FALSE? It has two flagella of equal length. The diploid phase is the dominant phase in its life cycle. It undergoes zygotic meiosis. Its chloroplast contains a pyrenoid. It is a single celled algae.
The diploid phase is the dominant phase in its life cycle.
71
Which of the following statements about Oedogonium is FALSE? Male and female gametes are identical in shape and size. The haploid phase is the dominant phase in its life cycle. It undergoes zygotic meiosis. Zygote divides through meiosis to create 4 zoospores The zoospore divides mitotically to form new haploid filament.
Male and female gametes are identical in shape and size
72
A cell is an antheridium and has produced 2 sperm by _____
mitosis
73
Which of the following statements about Spirogyra is FALSE? Spirogyra is more closely related to an apple tree than it is to Oedogonium. The haploid phase is the dominant phase in its life cycle. It undergoes zygotic meiosis. Gametes are anisogamous It has ribbon shaped chloroplast
Gametes are anisogamous
74
Streptophyte green algae are more closely related to_____________ and both have ___________________
Embryophytes; twisted sperm
75
Oogonium ________ whereas archegonium is _________
unicellular; multicellular
76
exclusively bryophytes
Liverworts, hornworts, mosses
77
In bryophytes, fertilization takes places in the:
archegonium
78
Gametophytes have ________ cells whereas sporophytes have ________ cells
haploid; diploid
79
Gemma are:
Reproductive vegetative structures

Bio 222 botany (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions