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Forensic DNA > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Satalite DNA

A

DNA with restriction enzymes that cut out and show up as small bands

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2
Q

genome

A

set of chromosomes in an organism

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3
Q

mini statlite

A

VNTRs. medium tandum repeats

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4
Q

RFLP

A

technology that is used to detect mini satalites, uses large amounts of DNA

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5
Q

micro satalites

A

strs, short tandem repeats

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6
Q

STR loci

A

vary by length of repeats
have motifs
partial repeats
intervening sequences

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7
Q

motif

A

repeated elements across multiple organisms (conserved)

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8
Q

partial repeats

A

repeats that are missing a base pair aaaa to ataa

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9
Q

intervening sequences

A

interupting sequence within set of repeats

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10
Q

CODIS

A

database that compares target dna sequences

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11
Q

four categories to classify STRs

A

simple repeats
nonconsensus alleles
compound
complex compound

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12
Q

use tetreanucleotide repeats

A

di and tri give stutters

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13
Q

allelic dropout

A

loss of alleles

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14
Q

STR are moderately variable

A

VNTR are hypervariable

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15
Q

discriminating power

A

high heterozygosity

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16
Q

specific STR nuclei used in forensics are

A

not linked
reproducable
less than 350 bp

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17
Q

2 theories STR arise

A

crossing over
DNA polymerase error

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18
Q

Nomenclature for consistancy named based on

A

loci
alleles
databases

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19
Q

alleic ladders

A

all common alleles
serves as control

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20
Q

forensic codis loci

A

13 different

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21
Q

us uses in forensics

A

codis loci
combined DNA index system

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22
Q

codis loci are not informative for

A

phenotype are intergenic and use introns

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23
Q

multiplex

A

look at multiple different sites

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24
Q

ameloglgenin

A

locus on both x and y chromosomes
x has deletion on intron 1

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25
Q

teo companies for STR kits

A

promega: powerplex 16
applied biosystems: ampf/str

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26
Q

multiplexing is acheived

A

channels-colors

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27
Q

silverstaining

A

only one channel and dna looks same

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28
Q

florescent detection

A

different colors on dyes

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29
Q

one channel is used as

A

internal size control

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30
Q

non-nucleotide linkers

A

mobility modifiers
gap between loci

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31
Q

STRbase

A

NIST

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32
Q

DNA properties in solution

A

negatively charged polyion (anion)
native double stranded
dingle stranded is denatured

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33
Q

random walk

A

movement in rnadom direction at only point in time

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34
Q

electrophoresis

A

DNA seperated by size

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35
Q

electrical force

A

current pulls DNA to positive ens

36
Q

voltage

A

proportional gradient v/cm

37
Q

resistance

A

semi solid matrix in solution pores are the holes

38
Q

teo mechanisms dna movement

A

ostong seiving
repatition

39
Q

ostong seiving

A

small slips through

40
Q

reptation

A

lerge fits in different shape, use linear instead of sperical

41
Q

resistance to DNA increases — with size

A

exponentially

42
Q

agarose

A

dnDNA
plysacharide non-covalent gel
native
stain w ethidium bromide

43
Q

polyacrylamide

A

denature using formamide in sample urea in gel

44
Q

silver staining ises

A

silver cations to bind dna

45
Q

capillary electophoresis

A

runs through a capillaey uses florescent detection

46
Q

DNA sequencers

A

developed for human genome project

47
Q

platform used in forensics

A

ABI prism 310 a genetic analyzer

48
Q

capliaary electrophoresis controls

A

temp in oven

49
Q

capilary electrophoresis uses

A

microtiter tray for automatic loading

50
Q

capillary detection

A

blue laser driven florescence

51
Q

data for capilarty recorded as a

A

elecectrpherogram in RFU

52
Q

310 platform

A

3 sample one controll
usus special calibration for dyes
had raw data for strngth of signal
uses blue green yellow black and red

53
Q

3100 platform

A

4 sample 1 control
uses orange for deteection (near and far red)

54
Q

31xx

A

multiple capillaries

55
Q

artifact

A

there from human activity

56
Q

stutters in artifacts

A

cause polymerase slippage- slip out of template

57
Q

penta a-g

A

loci with no stutter for mixtures

58
Q

processive polymerase

A

faster without pausing as much

59
Q

non-template addition

A

usually plus or minus a and usually in reverse

60
Q

micro-variants

A

allele in individual but not in ladder
insertion or deletion
called off-ladder alleles

61
Q

interpolate ijn microvariants

62
Q

extreme off ladder

A

fall between two ranges use single plex

63
Q

tri allelic

A

tripple peaks only locus with three peaks

64
Q

null allele or allelic dropout

A

only one peak for heterozygous indiv

65
Q

primer binding site mutation

A

prevents primer from binding

66
Q

avaioid lack of primer binding using

A

degernerate primers

67
Q

prevent peak dropout by reducting

A

stringency

68
Q

generation mutation affects

A

paternity ad mass disaster cases

69
Q

mutation caused by

A

polymerase slippage

70
Q

dna interpreted by

A

dna iq
q pcr
multiples str- pcr, thermocycler
genetic analyzer- 310, 3100, 31xx

71
Q

data colletion

A

raw data- deleted signals with different x and time

72
Q

color seperation

A

use matrix file for special calibration with gene maooer/id software
detele secondary detect peak

73
Q

peak identification

A

set threshhold

74
Q

peak sizing

A

internal size standard

75
Q

sample issues

A

degreadation
low quantity
three responses

76
Q

degredation leads to

A

allelic dropout
ameglobin last
vntrs are too long
covalent modification

77
Q

three responsed

A

miniSTR- STR
LCN-STR
mtDNA sequencing- no STR

78
Q

mini STR

A

smaller amplicon size
common Tm

79
Q

ini STR works for

A

telogenic hair

80
Q

mini str looks at

A

concordance studies

81
Q

lcn- low copy number

A

0.1 ng concnetration

82
Q

lcn issues

A

mainly stochastic with allelic drop in and out

83
Q

str in non-forensics

A

purity and id cell lines and chimeric indiv

84
Q

mixtures

A

more polymorphic loci are more useful
minor contributor above minimal value

85
Q

allele imbalance

A

quantification in rfu

86
Q

heterozygousy

A

varioation in peak intensities

87
Q

mixture steps

A

id prescence
designate peaks
identify number contributors
estimate relative ratioconsider genotype combinations
compare to referance samples

Forensic DNA (2 decks)

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