Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

most common DNA is early years

A

semen and white blood cells

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2
Q

telogenic hairs

A

shed hair, no follicle present

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3
Q

reference sample

A

choose type of sample and collect under ideal conditions, buccal swab

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4
Q

chain of custody

A

keeps track of where sample is and who had the sample at all times

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5
Q

mixture

A

sample containing more than one type of sample, natural

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6
Q

contamination

A

sample that shouldnt be there due to human error from investigators, accidental

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7
Q

presumptive tests

A

use antibodies and chemicals to determine sample type, blood versus semen versus saliva

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8
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA that is less stable than DNA

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9
Q

aerosol barrier tips

A

used on micropiptees to prevent sample from contaminating the pipette and future sampels

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10
Q

nuclease inhibitors

A

EDTA and Mg++
proteinase K
DTT
chaotropic agents

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11
Q

proteinase k

A

digests keritan

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12
Q

DTT

A

breaks di-sulfide bridges

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13
Q

chaotropic agents

A

reduce h bonds

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14
Q

organic method

A

origional method, RFLP, need high quantity DNA, yiels dsDNA

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15
Q

denaturing agents in organic method

A

phenol
chlorophorm

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16
Q

concentrate aqueous in organic method

A

ethonal precipitation
concentrating column

17
Q

chelex method

A

uses chealating resin to remove magnesium, yeilds ssDNA

18
Q

FTA paper method

A

stable for years, cannot quantify DNA, static jumping

19
Q

what do chatoropic agents do

A

strongly denature

20
Q

DNA IQ adds

A

paramegnetic resin to bind DNA

21
Q

differential extraction works because

A

sperm doesn’t lyse in absence of reducting agent, remove supernatant

22
Q

alternatice cell differentiation methods

A

microfluidic systems
laser dissection

23
Q

why use Y STR

A

unfavorable ratio

24
Q

type pcr inhibitors

A

heme
indigo
humic acids-soil
melanin

25
Q

abiological DNA degredation

A

hydrolitic base removal for ss nick in backbone
light to make thymine dimers

26
Q

old methods for DNA quantification

A

spectrometry
gel electrophoresis w/ standards

27
Q

slot blott

A

binds DNA to nylon

28
Q

end point PCR

A

one locus, all or nothing, measures at end

29
Q

qPCR

A

measure every cycle set threshold based on exponential phase

30
Q

NIST

A

national institute of standards and technology

31
Q

mg, mili

A

10-3

32
Q

micro

A

10-6

33
Q

nano, ng

A

10-9

34
Q

pico, pg

A

10-12