Exam 3 Flashcards
Mitosis
cell division resulting in 2 daughter cells which are clones of the mother cell
2n —–> 2n + 2n
meiosis
cell division which results in 4 haploid daughter cells which have different DNA combos
2n—–>1n+1n+1n+1n
sporogenesis
plant meiosis, produces 4 haploid (1n) daughter cells called spores
where does sporogenesis occur?
on or in the sporophyte, in the sporangia
what is it called when a spore (1n) goes through mitosis one or more times?
Gametophyte (1n)
what do gametophytes produce via mitosis?
gametes: 1n sex cells (eggs and sperm)
what is fertilization?
the fusion of two gametes, resulting in a zygote
only group of plants without stomata?
liverworts
this group of plants consists of parenchyma cells only, although they can modify to form rhizoids
liverworts
what does hapatic mean, and what group can be named hapatic?
Liver, Liver worts
What is a gemma? What are gemmae? Why do they exist?
(a) small disk(s) of cells produced in gemma cups for asexual reproduction (by water splashing)
why do liverworts need moist environments to survive?
- they cannot open/close their pores for gas exchange or H2O conservation
- they don’t have roots (rhizoids instead) so they can only draw water from a few millimeters
what does dioecious mean?
- “Two houses”
- separate “male” and “female” plants with their different parts
where does the egg grow in a liverwort gametophyte?
archegoniophore
what does archegoniophore mean?
- “first cell” + “to carry”
- region where archegonia form
what are archegonia?
structures which house the egg cells
what is a megagametophyte?
- plant which makes larger gametes
- “female sex plant”
where does sperm grow in a gametophyte?
antheridiophore
what does antheridiophore mean?
“man” + “to carry”
where are antheridia found?
in the antheridiophore on a liverwort gametophyte
what is a microgametophyte?
plant that makes small gametes aka sperm
what are antheridia?
structures on gametophytes which produce many sperm cells, also called microgametophyte
what group of plants has a parasitic sporophyte?
liverworts, they hang out on the underside of the archegonium and use the megagametophyte for resources
what kind of bryophyte has functional stomata on only the sporophyte?
mosses
what is the protonema stage?
happens in mosses, when the spores leave the sporophyte and begin cell division in one direction, filamentous
what is the most advanced group of bryophytes?
Hornworts
what is the most primal group of bryophytes?
liverworts
what major group of plants has the dominant gametophyte life stage?
bryophytes
What major group of plants are the start of sporophyte dominant life stages?
Lycophytes
what does monoecious mean?
gametophytes have antheridia and archegonia on one gametophyte
what major group of plants have true stems with a stele and microphylls
lycophyte
what does heterosporous mean?
having microspores and megastores which give rise to microgametophyte or megagametophyte respectively
what major plant groups have flagellate sperm?
Bryophytes, Lycophytes, Ferns & Fam,
