Exam 3

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

cell division resulting in 2 daughter cells which are clones of the mother cell
2n —–> 2n + 2n

Question 2

meiosis

Answer 2

cell division which results in 4 haploid daughter cells which have different DNA combos
2n—–>1n+1n+1n+1n

Question 3

sporogenesis

Answer 3

plant meiosis, produces 4 haploid (1n) daughter cells called spores

Question 4

where does sporogenesis occur?

Answer 4

on or in the sporophyte, in the sporangia

Question 5

what is it called when a spore (1n) goes through mitosis one or more times?

Answer 5

Gametophyte (1n)

Question 6

what do gametophytes produce via mitosis?

Answer 6

gametes: 1n sex cells (eggs and sperm)

Question 7

what is fertilization?

Answer 7

the fusion of two gametes, resulting in a zygote

Question 8

only group of plants without stomata?

Answer 8

liverworts

Question 9

this group of plants consists of parenchyma cells only, although they can modify to form rhizoids

Answer 9

liverworts

Question 10

what does hapatic mean, and what group can be named hapatic?

Answer 10

Liver, Liver worts

Question 11

What is a gemma? What are gemmae? Why do they exist?

Answer 11

(a) small disk(s) of cells produced in gemma cups for asexual reproduction (by water splashing)

Question 12

why do liverworts need moist environments to survive?

Answer 12

1. they cannot open/close their pores for gas exchange or H2O conservation
2. they don’t have roots (rhizoids instead) so they can only draw water from a few millimeters

Question 13

what does dioecious mean?

Answer 13

• “Two houses”
• separate “male” and “female” plants with their different parts

Question 14

where does the egg grow in a liverwort gametophyte?

Answer 14

archegoniophore

Question 15

what does archegoniophore mean?

Answer 15

• “first cell” + “to carry”
• region where archegonia form

Question 16

what are archegonia?

Answer 16

structures which house the egg cells

Question 17

what is a megagametophyte?

Answer 17

• plant which makes larger gametes
• “female sex plant”

Question 18

where does sperm grow in a gametophyte?

Answer 18

antheridiophore

Question 19

what does antheridiophore mean?

Answer 19

“man” + “to carry”

Question 20

where are antheridia found?

Answer 20

in the antheridiophore on a liverwort gametophyte

Question 21

what is a microgametophyte?

Answer 21

plant that makes small gametes aka sperm

Question 22

what are antheridia?

Answer 22

structures on gametophytes which produce many sperm cells, also called microgametophyte

Question 23

what group of plants has a parasitic sporophyte?

Answer 23

liverworts, they hang out on the underside of the archegonium and use the megagametophyte for resources

Question 24

what kind of bryophyte has functional stomata on only the sporophyte?

Answer 24

mosses

Question 25

what is the protonema stage?

Answer 25

happens in mosses, when the spores leave the sporophyte and begin cell division in one direction, filamentous

Question 26

what is the most advanced group of bryophytes?

Answer 26

Hornworts

Question 27

what is the most primal group of bryophytes?

Answer 27

liverworts

Question 28

what major group of plants has the dominant gametophyte life stage?

Answer 28

bryophytes

Question 29

What major group of plants are the start of sporophyte dominant life stages?

Answer 29

Lycophytes

Question 30

what does monoecious mean?

Answer 30

gametophytes have antheridia and archegonia on one gametophyte

Question 31

what major group of plants have true stems with a stele and microphylls

Answer 31

lycophyte

Question 32

what does heterosporous mean?

Answer 32

having microspores and megastores which give rise to microgametophyte or megagametophyte respectively

Question 33

what major plant groups have flagellate sperm?

Answer 33

Bryophytes, Lycophytes, Ferns & Fam,