Exam 3 Flashcards
Body Mass Index
Represents the ratio of a person’s weight to the square of his or her height.
Total 24-hour energy expenditure is composed of three components:
-Basal Metabolic rate (BMR)
-Thermic effect of food (TEF)
-Energy cost of physical activity
Indirect Calorimetry
Estimates energy expenditure by measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.
Non-exercise activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)
Is energy expended for activities above BMR and TEF but excludes sporting activities including spontaneous physical activities such as fidgeting and shifting.
Thrifty Gene Theory
People with this gene expend less energy at rest than other people at rest.
Leptin
Hormone produced by adipose tissue, acts to reduce food intake.
Serotonin and Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Hormones that increase satiety (or decrease food intake).
Visceral Fat
Surrounds internal organs.
A protein secreted by adipose tissue
Adipokines
A cluster of factors increases the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke.
Metabolic syndrome.
Low-carbohydrate diets
Cause Ketosis, which will decrease blood glucose and insulin levels and reduce appetite.
Vitamins
Tasteless, organic compounds needed in small amounts (One the exam I will need to identify and select one of the B vitamins.
What vitamins are found in the protein food group.
Niacin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12
Folate is found is what food group?
Fruit
Vitamin D is found is what food group?
Dairy
Fat- soluble vitamins
A,D,E,K
Water- soluble vitamins
Not stored in the body and need to be consumed daily.
What vitamin is used as Coenzyme NAD required for protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism?
Niacin Vitamin B3)
What is the deficiency disease of thiamin?
Beri-Beri Thiamin deficiency.
What vitamin is destroyed by UV light, therefore milk is kept in opaque carton containers?
Riboflavin (Vitamin B12)
Severe Niacin Deficiency
Pellagra
Pyridoxine
Vitamin B6
What vitamin deficiency can lead to neural tube defects in infants?
Folate (Vitamin B9)
What vitamin requires an intrinsic factor for absorption?
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
What mineral is a component of thyroid hormones?
Iodine.
What mineral is a cofactor in protein fat carbohydrate metabolism gluconeogenesis, cholesterol synthesis and urea formation
Manganese
How do water molecules react to negative ions
Positive ions attract to chloride.
What is an excellent solvent in the body
Water
What organ helps regulate blood volume + blood pressure
Kidneys
What hormone is released from the pituitary gland to regulate blood volume.`
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
What mineral is required to pump out of the muscle cell for relaxation after a muscle contraction?
Calcium
What % of the healthy adult body is fluid?
About 50-70%
What is one component of the extracellular fluid compartment?
Plasma
T or F? Lean tissue has less fluid content than fat tissue?
False
What is the positive ion on the intracellular fluid?
Potassium
What is the negative ion of the extracellular fluid?
Chloride
Metabolic water is formed by?
Metabolic reactions.
Increased concentration of solutes in the blood stimulates what region of the brain known as the thirst mechanism?
Hypothalamus.
Sensible fluid loss occurs from what?
Urine
High blood pressure is associated with what type of diet?
High-sodium diets
