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Human Nutrition > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Body Mass Index

A

Represents the ratio of a person’s weight to the square of his or her height.

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2
Q

Total 24-hour energy expenditure is composed of three components:

A

-Basal Metabolic rate (BMR)
-Thermic effect of food (TEF)
-Energy cost of physical activity

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3
Q

Indirect Calorimetry

A

Estimates energy expenditure by measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

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4
Q

Non-exercise activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)

A

Is energy expended for activities above BMR and TEF but excludes sporting activities including spontaneous physical activities such as fidgeting and shifting.

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5
Q

Thrifty Gene Theory

A

People with this gene expend less energy at rest than other people at rest.

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6
Q

Leptin

A

Hormone produced by adipose tissue, acts to reduce food intake.

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7
Q

Serotonin and Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

Hormones that increase satiety (or decrease food intake).

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8
Q

Visceral Fat

A

Surrounds internal organs.

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9
Q

A protein secreted by adipose tissue

A

Adipokines

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10
Q

A cluster of factors increases the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke.

A

Metabolic syndrome.

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11
Q

Low-carbohydrate diets

A

Cause Ketosis, which will decrease blood glucose and insulin levels and reduce appetite.

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12
Q

Vitamins

A

Tasteless, organic compounds needed in small amounts (One the exam I will need to identify and select one of the B vitamins.

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13
Q

What vitamins are found in the protein food group.

A

Niacin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12

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14
Q

Folate is found is what food group?

A

Fruit

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15
Q

Vitamin D is found is what food group?

A

Dairy

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16
Q

Fat- soluble vitamins

A

A,D,E,K

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17
Q

Water- soluble vitamins

A

Not stored in the body and need to be consumed daily.

18
Q

What vitamin is used as Coenzyme NAD required for protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism?

A

Niacin Vitamin B3)

19
Q

What is the deficiency disease of thiamin?

A

Beri-Beri Thiamin deficiency.

20
Q

What vitamin is destroyed by UV light, therefore milk is kept in opaque carton containers?

A

Riboflavin (Vitamin B12)

21
Q

Severe Niacin Deficiency

A

Pellagra

22
Q

Pyridoxine

A

Vitamin B6

23
Q

What vitamin deficiency can lead to neural tube defects in infants?

A

Folate (Vitamin B9)

24
Q

What vitamin requires an intrinsic factor for absorption?

A

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

25
Q

What mineral is a component of thyroid hormones?

A

Iodine.

26
Q

What mineral is a cofactor in protein fat carbohydrate metabolism gluconeogenesis, cholesterol synthesis and urea formation

A

Manganese

27
Q

How do water molecules react to negative ions

A

Positive ions attract to chloride.

28
Q

What is an excellent solvent in the body

A

Water

29
Q

What organ helps regulate blood volume + blood pressure

A

Kidneys

30
Q

What hormone is released from the pituitary gland to regulate blood volume.`

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

31
Q

What mineral is required to pump out of the muscle cell for relaxation after a muscle contraction?

A

Calcium

32
Q

What % of the healthy adult body is fluid?

A

About 50-70%

33
Q

What is one component of the extracellular fluid compartment?

A

Plasma

34
Q

T or F? Lean tissue has less fluid content than fat tissue?

A

False

35
Q

What is the positive ion on the intracellular fluid?

A

Potassium

36
Q

What is the negative ion of the extracellular fluid?

A

Chloride

37
Q

Metabolic water is formed by?

A

Metabolic reactions.

38
Q

Increased concentration of solutes in the blood stimulates what region of the brain known as the thirst mechanism?

A

Hypothalamus.

39
Q

Sensible fluid loss occurs from what?

A

Urine

40
Q

High blood pressure is associated with what type of diet?

A

High-sodium diets

Human Nutrition (3 decks)

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