Exam 3 Flashcards
What are the 5 diuretic classes
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
loop diuretics
potassium sparinng diuretics
thiazide diuretics
osmotic diuretics
What meds affect the proximal convuluted tubule?
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
osmotic diuretics
What is a notable AE if furosimide?
ototoxicity/tinnitis
What type or serum are dextran 40 and albumin?
colloid solution
What are meds for metabolic accidosis? Metabolic alkalosis?
sodium bicarbonate
ammonium chloride
sodium choloride/potassium chloride
What is a maitenance bronchodialtor?
salmeterol
Which bronchodilator needs labs monitored and interects with a lot of other meds? What happens with toxicity? Whatis the thereputic range? What to avoid?
theophyline
tachycardia, HTN, tremors, anxiety, angina, heart attack, dryrhythmias
10-20
caffiene
What med is for dry cough? Productive cough?
dextromethorphan
guaifenisen
What do diutetics do?
increase sodium retention
What are crystaloid fluids? Colloid fluids?
Iso, hyper and hyptotonic
Dextran 40
Albumin
What type of conditions would lactated ringers be the best solution for treatent?
burns and hypernatremia
What is the concern and must be monitored when running ammonium chloride
cardia dysrhythmias
What is the MOA of albuterol? Salmeterol? What should be avoid?
beta 2 agonist, adrenergic. Same with Salmeterol
NSAIDs because they are bronchoconstrictors
Ipatropin and tiatropian are what kind of drugs? What do they decrease? What are their AE
anticholnergic
secretions in the lungs
Anticholnergic effects
What do corticosteroids do with asthma? Examples? What is the mainpurpose of these meds? What must be done with these?
daily anti-inflammatory
beclomethasone, flucasone
chronic control managing the disease and eliminating the need for resue inhaler
rinse mouth out
What is a caffeine derrivtive bronchodilator?
theophylline
What is montelukast hard on? what is another difficult AE?
liver
agitation, SI, hallucinations,
What is a mast cell stabelizer?
cromolyn
What helps break up thick mucous? What is it a antidote drug for? What else does it protect from contrast dye? What does it smell like?
acetylcysteine
acetaminiophen
kindeys
rotton eggs
What is an expectorant that increases coughing by increasing the secretion sin the lungs? What are pt teachings?
guafinicein
lead and folow with full glasses of water. Dehydration will make this med less effective
What are 3 histamine blockers?
diphenhyydramine,, fecofenadine, loratadine
What is the best way to take dectromethorphan? Why?
best on an empty stomach, wait 60 minutes to eat/drink
allows time for the drug to absorb because it is a mild drug, OTC
What are alpha 1 agonists that help with sinus congestion? What is it contraindicated in? How long can it be taken? Why so short? What to avoid?
pseudophenrine/phenylephrine
cardiac problems: tachycardia, MI, HTN, HF, etc.
3-5 days
rebound congestion
caffeine and stimulants
what are thiazides related to? who is at risk for taking?
sulfa drugs
those with sulfa allergy
what is the concern of using diuretics and diabetes? Why?
I changes the fluid in the blood which messes with the elecrtolyte levels that also effect diabetes
What drug is used for increased crnial pressure and glaucoma patients? How do we know it is effective
mannitol
what are normal sodium levels? What are symptoms of hypernatremia? Hyponatremia?
Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L
Hypernatremia:
Mild: Thirst, weakness, confusion, nausea
Severe: muscle twitching, confusion, cerebral hemorrhage
Hyponatremia:
Mild: mental status change, HA, Ataxia, lethargic
Severe: confusion, loss of consciousness, seizure, death, coma bounding pulse, low BP
What are normal potassium levels? Symptoms of hyperkalemia? Hypokalemia?
Potassium: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Hyperkalemia: ECG changes, dysrhythmias, palpitations, muscle cramps, weakness, cardiac arrest
Hypokalemia: Arrhythmias (tachycardia, irregular rhythm or bradycardia), lethargy, fatigue, leg cramps, weakness, bradycardia, cardiac arrest
What are normal calcium levels? Signs of hyper calcemia? Hypocalcemia?
Calcium:9-10.5 mg/dL
Hypercalcemia: Muscle weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia), depression, headache, kidney stones, abnormal heart rhythm
Hypocalcemia: “CATS” Convulsions, seizures, Arrhythmias, Tetany, Spasms & Stridor; positive Chvostek’s sign, Trousseau’s sign, increased deep tendon reflexes, seizures
What are S/S of chronic bronchitis?
daily productive cough for 3+ months 2 years in a row
overweight
cianotic
elevated Hgb
peripherial edema
rhonchi and wheezing
What are S/S of emphysema?
permanent destruction og airspace distal to terminal bronchiole
affects older people
thin
sever dyspnea
quiet chest
x-ray: flattened diaphragam
What are the 3 main kidney function tests, normal lab values and what they indicate?
BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
10-20 mg/dL
increases with protein breakdown, inpaired renal function, DKA, burns, dehydration
Cr
0.6-1.2 mg/dL
increases with muscle breakdown, impaired renal function, HF, shock, dehydration
GFR
>60
best indicator of renal function, but difficult to calculate
What is the nature of crystalloid solutions?
cost effective
small molecules
quick acting
minimal reactions
What is the nature of colloid solutions?
expensive
large molecules
longer lasting
allergic reactions are common
hypocoagualbility
renal issues
What is infant kernicterus?
jaundice,
What are the fisrt nursing considerations with electrolyte deficiencies?
identify those at risk: med use, renal issues, thyroid issues
education about diet
monitor imbalances
What are the conditions related to preeclamsia? S/S?
hemolysis
elevated liver enzymes
low platelt count
nausea, headache, chest pain, upper right abdominal pain, edema
What nursing intereventions do not require and order for respiratory difficulty?
sitting pt up in high howlers
tripod/orthopedic position
cough and deep breath
rest
