Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm II > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What symptoms should be concerning to the nurse when introducing an immunosuppressant?

A

new cough, dysuria, painful urination, rash, fever, sore throat–anything indicating an infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a similar drug to cyclosporine?

A

tacrolimus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are pts at increased risk for cancer with cyclosporine?

A

Will be immunosuppressed for life which reduces natural cancer defense too.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Does constipation increase risk for infection? Is diarrhea a sign of infection?

A

Yes, in the GI tract

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why do chemotherapy drugs cause so many side effects?

A

They attack rapidly dividing cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does tamoxifen do to estrogen? What does it do to the uterus? What is a sign of uterine cancer? What is another concerning SE? Does tamoxifen cause immunosupression?

A

It doesn’t do anything to the estrogen, it changes the estrogen receptors so that it is blocked.

It increases estrogen receptor sensitivity in the uterus which put her at higher risk for uterine cancer

vaginal bleeding

DVT, clotting issues

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does cyclophosphamide cause hemmoraghic cystitis? What is it paired with to circumvent this AE?

A

when it is metabolized it is very irritating to the bladder

Mensa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What puts a person at higher risk for lung cancer?

A

COPD diagnosis
history of smoking
non-healing sores in the mouth
family history of lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the #1 type of cancer in US?

A

lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the “red devil”? What is most unique about it? What is the common similar drug?

A

doxorubicin

there is a lifetime limit, hard on heart

donorubicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the adjunct drug for methotrexate for cancer patients only?

A

leucovorin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What organ is methotrexate really hard on? What are contraindications? What is it similar to?

A

liver

hepatitis, liver failure, etc.

azathioprine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is ondansetron? How is it used with chemotherapy?

A

Zophran

prophylactically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are vesicants?

A

Drugs toxic to the tissue outside of the vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can petechial rash be related to?

A

thrombocyte level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are signs of dose related toxicity for vincristine?

A

Neurotoxicity, paraesthesia (pins and needles)–presents like numbness in fingers and toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the normal counts for WBC, HGB and PLT?

A

WBC: 5,000-10,000 mm

HGB: Femailes 12-16/g/dL, males 14-18 g/dL

Platelets: 150,000-400,000 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can s/s indicate infection and should be reported immediately when immunosuppressed?

A

Immediately report s/s of infection wounds, increased cough, increased fatigue, white patches in the mouth, white & itchy vaginal discharge, itchy blister-like vesicles on the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are 4 examples of immunostimulants?

A

interferons
interleukins
colony-stimulating factors (filgrastim)
vaccines (hepatitis B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 4 examples of immunosuppressants?

A

calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporin)
cytotoxic drugs (azathioprine)
antibodies
corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the action of vaccines? Therapeutic use?

A

stimulate immune system to produce antibodies

eradicate infectious disease in population, prevent disease in individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are 3 additional vaccines for immunocompromised?

A

pneumococcal polysaccride
meningococcal polysaccride
Zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are immunoglobulins? When are they administered? What are 6 examples?

A

An infusion or injection of antibodies providing immediate protection for an individual that has been exposed to a threat or disease

Often administered with the immunization to provide immediate and long-term protection.

CMV
Hep B
Rabies & Rabies Vaccine
RhoGAM
Tetanus
Varicella Zoster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some neutropenic precautions?

A

wash hands, bathe, brush teeth
sanitize toothbrush
prevent constipation
do not use tampons
do not share personal items
avoid fresh plants
don’t clean up after pets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are some neutropenic food precautions?

A

wash
keep cooked and raw separate
cook food thoroughly
refrigerate food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

With fevers and cancer when should you seek medical attention?

A

38 C (100.4) for more than 1 hour
38.3 (101.0) once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is neoplasia?

A

new, uncontrolled growth of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a biologic response modifier?

A

substance that enhances the body’s defenses in removing cancer cells

29
Q

What are 2 general classes of biological modifiers (cytokines and MAB)?

A

interferons
interleukins

30
Q

What are targeted therapies? What are 4 examples?

A

drugs that block the cancer with a molecular process specific to the cancer cell

tyrosine enzymes
epidermal growth factor receptor
vascular endothelial growth factor (angiogenesis inhibitors)
CD20

31
Q

What is an adjunct cancer treatment for mucositis?

A

GI cocktail of viscous lidocaine, diphenhydramine and sulcralfate

32
Q

What is used prophylactically and post cancer treatment to manage nausea?

A

ondansetron (Zofran)

33
Q

Bone marrow suppression causes what three insufficiencies? How might they present?

A

thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia

anemia: fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath
neutropenia: susceptible to infection
thrombocytopenia: bleeding, bruising, petechial rash

34
Q

What is a concerning temperature that should be reported to HCP when immune suppressed? What else should be reported? A simple infection can turn into what?

A

100.4 for more than an hour
101+ report immediately

malaise, new cough, fever, chills, dysuria

sepsis, septicemia

35
Q

What 2 drugs are calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressants?

A

cyclosporine and tacrolimus

36
Q

What are cyclosporine and tacrolimus almost always used for? What is the pt at increased risk for? What is the challenge with these drugs? What is the most difficult AE associated with it? Making who a most risk?

A

transplant rejection

cancers and infection due to immunosuppression

pt is on it for life, and must be compliant forever

HTN

someone with uncontrolled HTN

37
Q

What are the future drugs for cancer? Why?

A

monoclonal antibodies (MABs)

very specific, targets cells rather than killing all cells like other cancer drugs do

38
Q

When is basiliximab given? why? What does it do? What do we assesss the pt for first? Why?

A

before transplant and just after

the greatest risk for rejection is 48-72 hours after transplant, given to prevent that

decimates the immune system, to not have any rejection response

Any signs of infection

if they have an infection, turning off the immune system will almost certainly send them into sepsis

39
Q

What is interferon most used for? What does it do? What is the AE of note?

A

viral infections and hepatits C

targets specific cells and kills them off by activating the immune response

flu-like illness for a week or so

40
Q

What drug increases white blood cell activity? What is the SE of note? How does is present? What would we do for a pt with this SE

A

aldesleukin

capillary leak syndrome

anemia, low blood pressure, edema

elevate, wrap legs, ted hose

41
Q

What are the age groups for the 2 tetanus injections?

A

Dtap: under 6
Tdap: over the age of 6

42
Q

When is the 1st time you get a hep B injection?

A

at birth, with the first 12 hours

43
Q

What is the exception of a live vaccine that is completed under the age of 1? how is it administered? Why?

A

rotavirus

oral

prevent diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration which is a killer of children worldwide

44
Q

HPV is administered when?

A

11-12, before they turn sexually active

45
Q

menigitis vaccine (meningococcal) is given when?

A

7 yr, booster around 16-17

46
Q

When are the MMR and the varicella vaccine given? Should they be given under 1 year of age? Why?

A

12-15 yrs and 4 yrs

No

Live vaccines should not

47
Q

What vaccine protects babies from pneumonia? When is it administered

A

pneumococcaal conjugate

2, 4, 6 and 12 mos

48
Q

What vaccine are contraindicated in pregnant and immunosupressed? What can they get?

A

MMR, varicella, rotavirus

pneumococcal polysaccharide, Tdap, inactivated flu, Hep A and B

49
Q

What is the general difference between an immunoglobulin and a vaccine?

A

immunoglobulins work immediately, just not long-lasting

50
Q

What does the Hep A infection affect?

A

liver

51
Q

What is the biggest contraindication of the rotavirus vaccine? What is it? Why is rotavirus not given then?

A

intussusception

telescoping of the bowel

prevent it from happening again

52
Q

What vaccine is used for bacterial infection and epiglottitis?

A

HIB

53
Q

What does tetanus protect us against? What 2 ways can it be given for a high risk animal bite?

A

tetanus, diptheria and pertussis
before a baby is born
serious wounds, metal wounds
animal bites

rabies immunoglobulin and tetanus vaccine

54
Q

What does HPV prevent?

A

genital warts, cervical cancer

55
Q

Why is rhogam given? How? What does it prevent? Is rhogam an immunoglobulin?

A

Moms with Rh-
prevents hemolysis of the next baby’s red blood cells from antibodies the mother created

Binds to the baby’s Rh+ fetal red blood cells which protects them in the mom’s bloodstream

fetal anemia, miscarriage

yes

56
Q

What is another term for antineoplastics? Why do they have so many side effects?

A

cytotoxic, chemotherapy agents

They go after all fast-growing cells and kill them off

57
Q

What is mylelosupression synonymous with?

A

bone marrow supression

58
Q

What is mucositis or stomatitis? What is the concern? What should you avoid? Why?

A

ulcers in the mouth and GI tract

increases the risk of infection

caffeine, peroxide, alcohol, citrus, spicy foods, acidic, soda

dries out and irritates which increases risk

59
Q

What is doxirubicin? what is it nicknamed? Specific SE? What is unique about it? What are signs of heart failure?

A

anti-tumor drug

red devil

congestive heart failure

there is a lifetime limit, to protect the heart

pedal edema, crackles in the lungs, swelling, JVD, wet lungs, wet cough

60
Q

What is the unique SE of cyclophosphamide? What are signs? What is taken to protect? What is it?

A

Hemorragic cystitis

blood in urine, pain, bladder pain, pubic pain

mesna

uroprotectant

61
Q

What is methotrexate and azathioprine used for? What does it do?

A

RA, MS, myocinea gravis (sp?), Crohn’s disease, inflammatory disease, and cancer

inacitvates ablility to use folic acid

62
Q

What is paired with methotrexate only when it is used between rounds of chemo–only used for ?

A

leukovorin

63
Q

What should be avoided with methotrexate or azathioprine?

A

NSAIDs, naproxen, aspirin, liver issues

64
Q

What is used for breast cancer? Why? Where does it not block them? Does it cause immunosuppression? What SE should you worry about?

A

tamoxifen

blocks estrogen receptors

uterus

no

DVT–calf pain, redness, pain, erythema
vaginal bleeding–sign of uterine cancer

65
Q

What chemo drug is an alkylating agent?

A

cisplatin

66
Q

What is an immunostimulant? What does it do? How is it monitored for effectiveness? What is the worst SE? Who is it contraindicated for?

A

filgrastim

increases WBCs

CBC, increased WBCs

bone pain

sickle cell

67
Q

What is the AE for vincristine?

A

neuropathy, paraesthesia (pins and needles)

68
Q

with cancer, what is the main reason to use cannabis?

A

appetite stimulation

Pharm II (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions