Exam 3

Question 1

Deficits in the Frontal Lobe can lead to…

Answer 1

Emotional Control
Initiation
Motivation
Inhibition
Difficulty with complex movements (e.g, making coffee)
Possible Broca’s Aphasia

Question 2

Deficits in the Temporal Lobe can lead to…

Answer 2

Aggression
Long-term memory loss
Short-term memory loss
New, novel, learning
Difficulty with Appropriate behavior
Possible Wernicke’s Aphasia
Persistent talking

Question 3

Deficits in the Parietal Lobe can lead to…

Answer 3

Processing body information
Stereognosis
Difficulty Naming things (anomia)
Difficulty with Reading & writing
Difficulty with Left-right discrimination
Clumsiness & neglect
Inability Draw or follow maps

Question 4

Deficits in the Occipital Lobe can lead to…

Answer 4

Degrees of blindness
Visual field deficits
Difficulty locating objects
Difficulty identifying colors
Hallucinations
Inability to recognize words*

Question 5

Deficits in the Limbic System can lead to…

Answer 5

Distorts Emotions
Distorts Physical desires
Difficulty with organization/perception
Problems with Balance & Movement
Long-term memory
Olfaction

Question 6

Cognitive Function Deficits that may result from a TBI…

Answer 6

Adapting to new Environments
Sensorimotor Stimulation
Task Analysis & Gradation
Sensory-Perceptual
Novelty
Situational awareness

Question 7

Causes of TBI

Answer 7

Falls 35%
MVA 17% (MVA account for the largest percentage of TBI-related deaths)
Assaults 10%
Work-related (including military)
Alcohol is a major factor in many TBIs

Question 8

Coup-countercoup phenomenon

Answer 8

May be accounted for by the ricochet of the brain within the skull.

Question 9

Mechanisms of TBI?

Answer 9

Focal injuries (Contusions, Lacerations, or Hematomas)

Diffuse injuries

Question 10

Focal injury’s Impairments?

Answer 10

Prefrontal:
↓Memory
↓Emotion
↓Drive

Oritofrontal:
↑Impulsivity

Frontolateral:
Hemiparesis
↑Impulsivity
↓Attention
↓Mental flexibility

Question 11

Diffuse injury’s Impairments?

Answer 11

↓Mental processing speed & efficiency
↓Divided attention
↓Higher-level cognitive functions (abstract reasoning, planning, problem-solving)
Ataxia
Diplopia
Dysarthria

Behavioral problems:
↑Impulsivity
↑Irritability
↑Apathy & initiative

Question 12

Cranial Nerve Damage Associated with TBI:

Answer 12

Olfactory (1)
Optic (2)
Oculomotor (3), Trochlear (4), Abducens (6)
Facial (7) & Vestibulocochlear (8)

Question 13

Secondary insults common with TBI…

Answer 13

Hypoxia (low bp)
Hypotension
Hypothermia
Hyperthermia (temperature dysregulation)

Question 14

Four Phases of Life for TBI Survivors

Answer 14

Preinjury phase
Medical treatment
Rehabilitation
Survivorship

Question 15

TBIs per year?

Answer 15

1.7 Billion (makes up 1/3 of injury-related deaths per year in the US

Question 16

How many Americans currently live with a TBI?

Answer 16

3.2–5.3 million

Question 17

TBI risks?

Answer 17

Men 1.5x more likely
Alcohol involved in over 1/2 of cases
Young males at greatest risk: risk-taking, extreme sports, drugs, alcohol, psych history.

Question 18

TBI reoccurrence rates?

Answer 18

3x more likely to have a 2nd TBI
8x more likely to have a 3rd TBI

Question 19

Sign of serious brain injury?

Answer 19

Unequal pupil size

Question 20

Goals in Inpatient rehab?

Answer 20

Medical stability
Reduction of physical impairments
Acquisition of basic self-care skills

Question 21

Goals in Postacute rehabilitation (outpatient/HH)?

Answer 21

Medical needs
Fundamental capaciteis
Basic skill acquisition
Reducing obstacles of community integration posed by cognitive & behavioral impairments

Question 22

Inpatient Rehabilitative focuses?

Answer 22

Optimizing Motor functions
Optimizing visual & visual-perception functions
Optimizing cognitive function
Restoring competence in self-maintenance tasks
Contributing to behavioral and emotional adaptation

Question 23

What assessment would you use to gauge behavior?

Answer 23

Moss Attention Rating Scale (MARS)

Question 24

What assessment is used to assess cognitive, behavioral, & emotional disturbances?

Answer 24

Neurobehavioral Rating Scale

Question 25

What assessment is used to evaluate self-awareness post-TBI?

Answer 25

Patient Competency Rating Scale (PCRS)