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Brain and behavior > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

organizational effects

A

hormones in prenatal life shape the brain

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2
Q

activational effects

A

hormones shape our behavior later in life

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3
Q

reproductive behaviors

A

to successfully reproduce
different for males and females
varies by species

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4
Q

attraction

A

based on:
quality features
facial symmetry
physical health

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5
Q

motivation

A

desire to engage

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6
Q

copulation

A

ability to execute behaviors

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7
Q

receptivity

A

willing to mate

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8
Q

postcopulation

A

time
familiarity
rewarding aspects reinforced

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9
Q

steroid

A

lipophilic
derived from cholesterol
has nuclear and membrane receptors

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10
Q

nuclear hormone receptors

A

dimerized and goes to nucleus
effects DNA to make proteins
slow effects

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11
Q

membrane hormone receptors

A

acts on receptor in membrane
faster effects

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12
Q

peptide hormones

A

amino acide string
not lipophilic
eg: oxytocin & Luteinizing hormone

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13
Q

amine hormone

A

modified single amino acid
not lipophilic
eg: epinephrine

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14
Q

birth control, abortion pill, inhibin B

A

use negative feedback for desired outcome

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15
Q

puberty

A

fertility is active
elevated pituitary hormones
secondary sex characteristics develop

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16
Q

male brain areas

A

MPOA
copulatory behaviors and aspects of motivation
ERs and ARs

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17
Q

female brain areas

A

VMH
copulatory behaviors and motivation
many ERs

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18
Q

CAH

A

XX
produces too much androgens
more likely to be attracted to women
female internal organs
more male like external organds

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19
Q

ARS

A

XY
nonfunctional AR
have testes
No internal system
female like brain
externally female

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20
Q

eggs at 12

A

no T to DHT conversion
have T & testes
male like inside
female like outside
partly male like outside after puberty

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21
Q

social agression

A

aimed at a conspecific (same species)

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22
Q

predatory agression

A

for getting food

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23
Q

maternal agression

A

to protected children from threats

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24
Q

sexual agression

A

to engage in a sexual encounter (sexual assult)

25
Q

self agression

A

against ones self

26
Q

agression

A

intention of a hostile act towards another

27
Q

predatory/instrumental (cold)

A

premeditated
goal-oriented
unemotional

28
Q

impulsive (hot)

A

reaction to provocative stimulus that produces fear/anger

29
Q

in animals increased T

A

corresponds with mating season and increased aggression

30
Q

synthetic P in prenatal exposure

A

acted like T in body
lead to more aggression

31
Q

role of serotonin in aggression

A

more serotonin less aggression

32
Q

cortical areas

A

inhibit aggression
inhibits subcortical structures

33
Q

hypothalamus (VMH)

A

electrical stimulus leads to stem rage

34
Q

hypothalamus and amygdala

A

optogenetic stimulation leads to aggression in mice

35
Q

psychopaths

A

reduced activity in PFC
an area regulated by serotonin

36
Q

stress

A

when threat outweighs resources
weight of wear and tear caused by life

37
Q

acute stress

A

on/off quickly

38
Q

chronic stress

A

seemingly never ending

39
Q

eustress

A

good stress

40
Q

cortisol…

A

mobilizes glucose stores for energy
anti-inflammatory

41
Q

hippocampus in acute stress

A

inhibits stress hormone release
stops hypothalamus

42
Q

if stress goes on too long…

A

hippocampus gets fucked up

43
Q

consequences of stress

A

increased BP
reproductive health issues
sleep difficulties
lower immunity
weight loss/gain
ulcers

44
Q

the amygdala…

A

gets longer/more complex dendrites w/ chronic stress
increases stress even more

45
Q

T suppresses stress hormones

A

E elevates them

46
Q

amygdala and depression

A

over active when processing emotional stimuli
more in tune to negative emotions

47
Q

prefrontal cortex and depression

A

over active when processing cognitive stimuli

48
Q

anterior congulate, posterior temporal & parietal cortex

A

implicated in attention
under active

49
Q

hippocampus and depression

A

smaller volume
less active during memory tasks

50
Q

brain areas and depression

A

corrilational connection

51
Q

dexamethlinasine suppression test

A

uses synthetic cortisol to test negative feedback of HPA axis

52
Q

ECT

A

intentional induction of large scale seizures
fast relief
seen as last resort
causes memory loss

53
Q

Mono Amine Oxidase inhibitor

A

inhibits breakdown of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
toxic reactions: diet restrictions

54
Q

Tricycles

A

trape monoamines at synapse
elevates noradrenaline (risky for heart)
higher abuse liability

55
Q

SSRI

A

traps more serotonin at synapse
safer but has suicide risk in young adults
neurogenesis in rats = neural connectivity (bigger hippocampus)

56
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy

A

better than SSRI alone for reducing likely hood pf relapse

57
Q

deep brain stimulation

A

cause infections and headaches

58
Q

transcranial magnetic stimulation

A

treats depression and schizophrenia
minimal side effects

59
Q

ketamine

A

abuse potential
FDA approved

Brain and behavior (3 decks)

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