Exam 3 Flashcards
If a boy believed that the only variable that affected the distance a ball traveled when thrown was the force with which it was thrown and then conducted a biased “experiment” that proved his assumption which developmental phenomenon according to Piaget is involved?
Concrete operations
Clues to the important roles both nature and nurture play in development is seen in infants as they begin to gain the ability to actively perceive the distance from themselves to objects in the environment. This ability is also known as what term?
Depth perception
Which of the following is a potential problem with Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
Individuals need formal education to progress through the formal operations stage.
At times, Piaget’s stages underestimates children’s abilties.
Cognitive abilities are more continous than Piaget initially thought.
All are potential issues.^
Farrah is in kindergarten and is learning about _____. To track her progress, her teacher presents her with pairs of words and asks her which of them rhyme.
Phonemic awareness
The relation of nature to nurture is the same as the relation of _______.
Genetics and environment
What do information processing theories focus on?
Describing the cognitive processes that underlie thinking at any one age and cognitive growth over time
Piaget’s stage theory of cognitive development suggests that a child’s thinking is fundamentally different - more advanced - in each stage than it was in the previous stage. This demonstrates the concept of _____ change.
Qualitative
Eight-month old Jonathan was left by his mother at the baby-sitter’s place. The minute his mother left and he could not see her, Jonathan started to cry. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development which concept would explain Jonathan’s behavior?
Object permanence
The idea that on the object permanence task, infants perform better when the waiting period is shorter at just six months of age supports which of the following problems with Piaget’s theory?
Cognitive development is more continuous than Piaget thought
According to Piaget, the developmental processes that explain children’s cognitive development are measured by:
How children reason, with fundamental changes in thinking occurring in each stage
Which of the following is NOT a challenge associated with peer relationships during childhood?
Poor conflict management
According to research referenced in your text, babies who are _____ tend to elicit more sensitive and affectionate care from their parents compared with babies who lack these attributes.
Easygoing and attractive
Jane is just learning to ride a tricycle. While riding on the sidewalk the surface changes from smooth concrete to bumpy brick. Jane is unsure if she should continue and looks at her mother who is smiling and urging her forward. This is an example of:
Social referencing
Due to the chronic conflict and anger in their relationship Bernadette’s parents decided to get a divorce. However, they are now having trouble paying Bernadette’s school fees to allow her to continue attending class at Spoke’s Elementary School. Which of the following models is designed to describe the potential negative effects caused by these circumstances?
Family stress model
Which of the following is true of the impact of divorce on children?
Although divorce is associated with adjustment problems for children, it is not associated with long-term adjustment
A parenting style that encourages children to be independent but still places limits on their behavior is called
Authoritative
The ______ model describes how financial difficulties are associated with parents’ depressed moods, which can cause problems with a child’s normal adjustment.
Family stress
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of secure attachment?
Children are happy when mother returns from an absence.
Children tend to have stronger friendships later in life.
Children play freely when mother is nearby.
These are all characteristics of secure attachment.^
Allison has been described by her parents, teachers, and friends as hyperactive. Therefore, her parents try to modify her environment by taking her to the park and signing her up for sports teams in order to fit her temperament. This is an example of which of the following:
Goodness of fit
Beth’s father often invalidates her feelings and pressures her to think in certain ways. What is the term for parents’ manipulation of adolescents’ emotional and cognitive world?
Psychological control
Precious has several friends who look, act, and think in ways similar to her. This similarity is known as ________.
Homophily
Lilly is trying different sports throughout the summer to determine which team she would like to try out for in high school. Lilly would likely fall in which of Marcia’s identity statuses?
Moratorium
The spread of problem behaviors within groups of adolescents is known as ________.
Deviant peer contagion
Researchers have suggested that certain genetic variations make adolescents more or less susceptible to environmental influences. This is known as:
Differential susceptibility model
Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to the creation of emerging adulthood as a distinct life stage?
Starting careers at an early age
When Julia was a child, her parents would stay close to her and monitor her behavior. Now that she is an adolescent, their supervision has become more ___________.
Distal
What is one intrapersonal factor that affects adolescents’ academic achievement?
Intrinsic motivation
Adolescents suffering from depression often seek friends who are ________.
Depressed
In elementary school, Caroline mostly played with one or two girls at a time. Now that she’s in high school, her friendship circle has gotten larger and includes boys. This is an example of what kind of change?
Social
Antonucci’s Convoy Model of Social Relations says that social connections are held together by:
Perceived emotional support
Joe and Morris have been friends for over 50 years. Now in their seventies, Joe still plays golf 3 times a week but Morris has physical limitations that prevent him from doing so. The differences in the way that these men are aging reflects the concept of __________.
Heterogeneity
Hedonic well-being refers to the emotional component of well-being and includes measures such as:
Happiness, contentment, and stress
Opal has learned a lot about housing construction in her 20 years as a realtor. Recalling facts about siding and insulation would be an example of Opal’s _____ intelligence
Crystallized
