Exam 3 Flashcards
well-defined problem
initial state, goal state and operations are all clearly defined
heuristics
strategies; “rule of thumb”
creativity
novel and appropriate
insight
circumstance where solution is suddenly realized
availability heuristic
base judgement on readily available knowledge from memory
representative heuristic
if it shares characteristics with members of a category, it too is a member
anchoring heuristic
judgement is anchored to the original guess/assumption
posterior hippocampus
spatial memory; London cabbies
false memories
become more vivid over time
deep sleep
brain is active; no consciousness; neurons synchronized
consciousness
neurons fire complex rythm
experts
through practice, form a special set of neural connections allowing them to operate subconsciously
rTMS
magnetic pulses to the brain
free will
conscious mind says its free will even when it isn’t
therapeutic process
diagnose; etiology (cause); prognosis; treat
psychodynamic therapy
insight therapy
counterconditioning
replace a bad response with a healthy one
rational emotive therapy
irrational beliefs lead to maladaptive emotional responses
antipsychotics
dopamine
antidepressants
norepinephrine and serotonin
anitanxiety
GABA
client-centered therapy
self-actualization
gestalt therapy
unite mind and body; make a person feel whole
primary prevention
before a problem happens
secondary prevention
limit duration/severity
tertiary prevention
limit long-term impact; prevent relapse
Sir Francis Galton
Darwinism; intelligence is quantifiable, normal distribution, measured by objective tests
eugenics
Sir Francis Galton
Alfred Binet
first workable intelligence test
IQ test
Stanford-Binet
Wechsler intelligence scales
5 categories, verbal/nonverbal
Joseph Renzulli
“three-ring” giftedness; ability, creativity and task commitment
intellectual disability
issues with conceptual, social and practical skills
Robert Sternberg
3 types of intelligence; analytical, creative and practical
Howard Gardner
8 intelligences; logical/mathematic, linguistic, musical, naturalist, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal and existential
Spearman
general intelligence (g); correlation between categories of intelligence
constructivism
active learning; case studies
7 principles of PBL
prior knowledge, elaboration relevancy, integration of knowledge, self-directed, interest and faculty objectives
4 conditions for improved performance
task with a well-defined goal, motivation, feedback and opportunity for practice/repetition
