Exam 3

Question 1

well-defined problem

Answer 1

initial state, goal state and operations are all clearly defined

Question 2

heuristics

Answer 2

strategies; “rule of thumb”

Question 3

creativity

Answer 3

novel and appropriate

Question 4

insight

Answer 4

circumstance where solution is suddenly realized

Question 5

availability heuristic

Answer 5

base judgement on readily available knowledge from memory

Question 6

representative heuristic

Answer 6

if it shares characteristics with members of a category, it too is a member

Question 7

anchoring heuristic

Answer 7

judgement is anchored to the original guess/assumption

Question 8

posterior hippocampus

Answer 8

spatial memory; London cabbies

Question 9

false memories

Answer 9

become more vivid over time

Question 10

deep sleep

Answer 10

brain is active; no consciousness; neurons synchronized

Question 11

consciousness

Answer 11

neurons fire complex rythm

Question 12

experts

Answer 12

through practice, form a special set of neural connections allowing them to operate subconsciously

Question 13

rTMS

Answer 13

magnetic pulses to the brain

Question 14

free will

Answer 14

conscious mind says its free will even when it isn’t

Question 15

therapeutic process

Answer 15

diagnose; etiology (cause); prognosis; treat

Question 16

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 16

insight therapy

Question 17

counterconditioning

Answer 17

replace a bad response with a healthy one

Question 18

rational emotive therapy

Answer 18

irrational beliefs lead to maladaptive emotional responses

Question 19

antipsychotics

Answer 19

dopamine

Question 20

antidepressants

Answer 20

norepinephrine and serotonin

Question 21

anitanxiety

Answer 21

GABA

Question 22

client-centered therapy

Answer 22

self-actualization

Question 23

gestalt therapy

Answer 23

unite mind and body; make a person feel whole

Question 24

primary prevention

Answer 24

before a problem happens

Question 25

secondary prevention

Answer 25

limit duration/severity

Question 26

tertiary prevention

Answer 26

limit long-term impact; prevent relapse

Question 27

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 27

Darwinism; intelligence is quantifiable, normal distribution, measured by objective tests

Question 28

eugenics

Answer 28

Sir Francis Galton

Question 29

Alfred Binet

Answer 29

first workable intelligence test

Question 30

IQ test

Answer 30

Stanford-Binet

Question 31

Wechsler intelligence scales

Answer 31

5 categories, verbal/nonverbal

Question 32

Joseph Renzulli

Answer 32

“three-ring” giftedness; ability, creativity and task commitment

Question 33

intellectual disability

Answer 33

issues with conceptual, social and practical skills

Question 34

Robert Sternberg

Answer 34

3 types of intelligence; analytical, creative and practical

Question 35

Howard Gardner

Answer 35

8 intelligences; logical/mathematic, linguistic, musical, naturalist, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, interpersonal and existential

Question 36

Spearman

Answer 36

general intelligence (g); correlation between categories of intelligence

Question 37

constructivism

Answer 37

active learning; case studies

Question 38

7 principles of PBL

Answer 38

prior knowledge, elaboration relevancy, integration of knowledge, self-directed, interest and faculty objectives

Question 39

4 conditions for improved performance

Answer 39

task with a well-defined goal, motivation, feedback and opportunity for practice/repetition