Exam 3 Flashcards
What are the three phases of pregnancy?
Antepartum
Intrapartum
Postpartum
What is antepartum?
before birth
What is Intrapartum
during birth
What is postpartum
after birth
What is the best way to insure a good outcome for both mother and baby?
Regular prenatal care
How often should you have prenatal visits?
Every 4 weeks up to 28 weeks
every 2 to 3 weeks from 29-36 weeks
every week 36 weeks or until baby is delivered
What is gravida
refers to the number of pregnancies including the current one
Primigravida
first pregnancy
multigravida
woman who has had more than one pregnancy
What is para?
communicates the outcome of previous pregnancies. (given birth to one or more children who have reached at least 20 weeks gestation)
What is the age of viability?
20 weeks
What is nagele’s rule
add 7 days to the first day of LMP then subtract 3 months to determine EDD
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?
subjective signs the woman reports- amenorrhea, frequency, quickening
What are probable signs of pregnancy?
detected by a trained examiner- goodell’s sign (softening of the lower uterine segment), McDonalds sign, Braxton hicks contractions, striae gravidarum, presence of HCG in a pregnancy test
Positive signs of pregnancy
no other condition can cause, fetal heartbeat, fetal movement which is felt by examiner, seeing fetus on ultrasound
What does the mucus plug do?
prevents bacteria from getting into the uterus
What happens to the breasts in the last few months of pregnancy
they enlarge, are tender and secret colostrum
What does the growing uterus do to the heart?
moves the heart up and to the left
What is supine hypotensive syndrome?
after 20 weeks when lying supine, the uterus presses on the IVC, resulting in low BP and dizziness, encourage the woman to lie on her left side
Why can glycosuria and proteinuria occur?
Due to the increase in GFR and the fact that the tubules cannot keep up.
How can heartburn be helped?
sit up for at least thirty mins after eating
folic acid supplements help how?
to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects
How many extra calories should a pregnant woman consume?
300
What is the weight gain for pregancy?
normal weight (25-35 lbs) under weight (28 to 40 lbs) over weight (15-25 lbs)
The uterus accounts for how much weight in pregnancy?
2.5 lbs
What is PICA?
craving substances that are not food
What is fetal alcohol syndrome?
malformations found in an infant when the mother drank large amounts of alcohol, microcephaly, flat nasal bridge and mental retardation
How do you care for varicose veins?
avoid lengthy standing or sitting, walk frequently , rest with legs elevated, wear support stockings, relieve hemorrhoid swelling with warm sitz bath, or analgesic ointment, avoid crossing legs when sitting
What is primipara?
woman who has given birth to her first child regardless of whether the child was alive, also describes a woman before birth of her first child
What is a nullipara?
woman who has not given birth to a child who has reached the point of viability
What is the TPALM system?
T- number of term infants P- number of preterm infants A- Number of pregnancies aborted L- number of children living now M- multiple births
What is chadwick’s sign?
purplish or bluish discoloration of the cervix and vagina caused by vascular congestion
What is goodell’s sign?
softening of the cervix and vagina caused by vascular congestions
What is hegar’s sign?
softening of the lower uterine segment
What is McDonald’s sign?
the cervix softens, it’s easy to flex body of uterus against the cervix
What is the abdominal/ uterine enlargement during pregnancy?
12 weeks- above the symphysis pubis
20 weeks- extends to umbilicus
What is ballottement
a maneuver by which the fetal part is displaced by a light tap of the examining finger on the cervix, rebounds quickly
How much fluid can a uterus hold?
5 quarts of fluid
How much does the uterus normally weigh before pregnancy
2 oz
What is pseudoanemia
RBC’s decrease, not a true anemia, 6 days post partum returns to normal
How much does the placenta weight?
1.0-1.5 lbs
How much do the breasts weight during pregnancy?
1.5-3 lbs
What is the blood volume during pregnancy?
3.5-4 lbs
