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Gross Anatomy 1 > exam 3-1 > Flashcards

exam 3-1 Flashcards

1
Q

Adductor Longus (General)

A

A muscle found just medial to the pectineus.

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2
Q

Adductor Longus (Origin/Insertion)

A

Origin: superior ramus of pubis Insertion: linea aspera of femur

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3
Q

Adductor Longus and Brevis (Action)

A

Action: adducts femur

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4
Q

Adductor Magnus (Actions)

A

Actions:* Adducts femur* Extends femur at hip joint

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5
Q

Adductor Magnus (General)

A

A large, composite muscle (part medial thigh and part posterior thigh). This muscle is found deep to the adductor longus (anteriorly), and the hamstrings (posteriorly). Its tendon of insertion has slit like opening, the hiatus tendinous which leads into the popliteal fossa. This opening is where the femoral vessels become the popliteal vessels.

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6
Q

Adductor Magnus (Nerve Supply)

A

Nerve Supply: * Obturator (L₂, L₃, and L₄) * Sciatic (L₄, L₅, S₁, S₂, and S₃)

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7
Q

Adductor Magnus (Origin/Insertion)

A

Origin: rami of the ischium and pubis Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur

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8
Q

Adductor Tubercle

A

Bony projection found on the medial epicondyle of the femur.

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9
Q

Android Pelvis

A

Typical male pelvis.

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10
Q

Angle of Inclination

A

The way the neck of the femur meets the shaft of the bone forms {this}. It is greatest at birth (about 145°) and gradually diminishes until adulthood (about 125°). It allows greater mobility at the femur by providing increased leverage for muscles that work at the hip joint. This is a great advantage for bipedal locomotion but puts considerable stresses on the neck of the femur which can lead to increased fractures with age.

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11
Q

Chondromalacia (Patella)

A

A condition in which there is a softening and fissuring of the articular cartilage of the patella. * Common in young adults* Usually caused by trauma, overuse, misalignment of the patella and muscle weakness* Most frequent complaints are of a dull pain around or under the patella that worsens with exercise, the pain may intensify when going from a position of flexion to extension at the knee joint

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12
Q

Femoral (Nerve Damage)

A

{This} nerve may be injured by trauma but complete division is rare. When the nerve is damaged the following problems will occur: Motor: quadriceps are involved and the leg cannot be extended, and flexion at the hip is diminished (iliopsoas)Sensory: medial and intermediate anterior aspect of the thigh, and medial aspect of the leg and foot.Test for damage by assessing both flexion at the hip and extension at the leg.

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13
Q

Femoral (Nerve)

A

Nerve:Segmental Innervation: L₂, L₃, and L₄Division: posterior Motor Supply: iliacus, psoas major, sartorius, quadriceps, and pectineus Cutaneous Supply: medial and intermediate aspect of the anterior thigh, medial aspect of the leg and foot (from specific branch saphenous nerve) Articular Supply: hip and knee

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14
Q

Femoral Triangle

A

Borders: superior - inguinal ligament, lateral - sartorius, medial - adductor longusContents (lateral to medial): femoral nerve and several of its branches, femoral sheath (femoral artery and vein), and inguinal lymph nodes

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15
Q

Gemellus Superior (General)

A

A small muscle which is situated between the piriformis and the obturator internus and deep to the gluteus maximus. Its tendon of insertion fuses with that of the obturator internus and gemellus inferior.

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16
Q

Gemellus Superior (Origin/Insertion)

A

Origin: spine of ischium Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

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17
Q

Gemellus Superior, Obturator Internus, Gemellus Inferior, and Quadratus Femoris (Nerve Supply)

A

Nerve Supply: L₄, L₅, S₁, and S₂

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18
Q

Genitofemoral (Nerve)

A

Nerve pierces the psoas major muscle and runs inferiorly on its anterior aspect. As the nerve descends it divides into a femoral and genital branch. Segmental Innervation: L₁ and L₂Division: anteriorMotor Supply: cremaster muscleCutaneous Supply: skin of the external genitalia and small area of skin below the inguinal ligament

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19
Q

Gluteal (Trendelenburg) Gait

A

A type of abnormal locomotion when there is displacement of body weight to the unaffected side when one walks with a deficient gluteus medius and minimus.

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20
Q

Gluteal Bursae

A

Group of bursae which separate the gluteus maximus from underlying bony features.

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21
Q

Gluteal Line

A

A roughened area that is found inferior to the greater trochanter of the femur.

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22
Q

Gluteus Maximus (Actions)

A

Actions:* Extends and laterally rotates the femur* Helps to stabilize the pelvic bone* Stabilizes the knee joint

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23
Q

Gluteus Maximus (Origin/Insertion)

A

Origin: posterior gluteal line of ilium, sacrum and coccyx, and posterior ligaments of the sacroiliac joint. Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract

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24
Q

Gluteus Maximus (Weakness)

A

Weakness of this muscle will cause patients difficulty in getting from a sitting to a standing position (patients may have to actively push themselves to the standing position), straightening from a bending position, walking uphill and up stairs. Paralysis of the muscle does not seriously affect walking on level ground or when standing still.

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25
Q

Gluteus Medius and Minimus (Actions)

A

Actions:* Abducts femur* Medially rotates the femur* Helps to keep the pelvic bone steady when foot on opposite side is raised off the ground (e.g. right muscles stabilize pelvic bone when left foot is raised off the ground)

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26
Q

Gluteus Medius and Minimus (Origin/Insertion)

A

Origin: external surface of the ilium. Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

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27
Q

Gracilis (Actions)

A

Actions:* Flexion of leg at knee joint * Adducts femur

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28
Q

Gracilis (General)

A

A long, narrow muscle which passes vertically downward on the medial aspect of the thigh and is superficial through its course. It is the only muscle of the medial thigh that crosses both hip and knee joints.Because it is a relatively weak adductor muscle, it can be removed without noticeable loss of action. Surgeons often transplant the muscle or part of it (with nerve and blood vessels) to replace a damaged muscle (e.g. hand muscles).

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29
Q

Gracilis (Origin/Insertion)

A

Origin: ramus of ischium and inferior ramus of pubis. Insertion: superior medial shaft of tibia

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30
Q

Gracilis, Adductor Longus and Brevis, Obturator Externus (Nerve Supply)

A

Nerve Supply: obturator nerve (L₂, L₃, and L₄)

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31
Q

Great Saphenous (Vein)

A

Vein: * Arises from the medial aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot * Passes superiorly in front of the medial malleolus * Ascends with the saphenous nerve along the medial aspect of the leg. * Passes behind the knee and curves forward on to the medial anterior aspect of the thigh. * Will pass through the saphenous opening of the fascia lata where it receives three tributaries (superficial circumflex iliac vein, superficial epigastric vein, and superficial pudendal vein) before terminating at the femoral vein

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32
Q

Hamstring Muscles (Actions)

A

Actions All Muscles:* Prime movers of flexion of the leg at the knee joint. All Muscles except Short Head of Biceps Femoris:* Stabilize the knee joint. * Extension of the femur. Semitendinous and Semimembranous also:* Medially rotate the leg (tibia). Biceps Femoris also:* Laterally rotates the leg (tibia)

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33
Q

Iliacus (Origin/Insertion)

A

Origin: iliac fossa and sacrum. Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

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34
Q

Iliacus and Psoas Major (Actions)

A

Actions:* Flexion of the femur at the hip joint (unilateral). * Flexion of the vertebral column (bilateral). * Help maintain posture (i.e. integrity of the vertebral column)

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35
Q

Iliacus and Psoas Major (Nerve Supply)

A

Nerve Supply: femoral nerve (L₂, L₃, and L₄)

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36
Q

Ilioinguinal (Nerve)

A

Nerve:Segmental Innervation: L₁, Division: anterior, Cutaneous Supply: skin over the external genitalia and the adjacent medial aspect of the thigh

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37
Q

Iliotibial Band Syndrome (IBS)

A

An overuse syndrome which occurs when the distal end of the iliotibial band repetitively snaps over the lateral condyle of the femur. Patients describe a stinging pain at the lateral aspect of the knee. This pain appears to get worse when running up and down hills or climbing stairs.

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38
Q

Iliotibila Tract

A

The thickened lateral aspect of the fascia lata that receives insertion from the tensor fascia lata and the gluteus maximus muscles.

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39
Q

Ilium

A

The largest and uppermost portion of the innominate bone.

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40
Q

Inferior Gluteal (Nerve)

A

{This} nerve leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic notch, inferior to the piriformis muscle and superficial to the sciatic nerve.Segmental Innervation: L₅, S₁, and S₂, Division: posterior, Motor Supply: gluteus maximus

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41
Q

Intertrochanteric Crest

A

The femur’s trochanters are joined posteriorly by {this}.

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42
Q

Intertrochanteric Line

A

The femur’s trochanters are joined anteriorly by {this}.

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43
Q

Ischial (Bursae)

A

Bursae which separates the inferior part of the gluteus maximus muscle from the ischial tuberosity.

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44
Q

Ischial Spine

A

A small projection off the body of the ischium.

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45
Q

Ischial Tuberosity

A

The large roughened area inferior to the lesser sciatic notch where the hamstring muscles originate.

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46
Q

Ischium

A

An “L” shaped bone consisting of a body and ramus. One of the three bones comprising the innominate bone.

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47
Q

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (Nerve)

A

Nerve that enters the thigh by passing beneath the inguinal ligament, just medial to the anterior superior iliac spine.Segmental Innervation: L₂ and L₃, Division: posterior, Cutaneous Supply: lateral aspect of the anterior and posterior thigh

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48
Q

Lesser Saphenous (Vein)

A

Vein:* Arises from the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous arch of the foot, * Ascends behind the lateral malleolus, where it is accompanied by the sural nerve, * Follows the lateral border of the tendon calcaneus and runs up the posterior aspect of the leg, * It normally terminates at the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa, * Mode of termination may be subject to variation and join the great saphenous vein or divides sending one branch to the popliteal vein and one to the great saphenous vein

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49
Q

Long Head Biceps Femoris (Origin/Insertion)

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

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50
Q

Lower Extremity Dermatomes

A

Dermatomes:L₁ - proximal anterior thigh, L₂ - middle anterior thigh, L₃ - distal thigh; posterior medial leg, L₄ - lateral thigh; medial leg; digit one of foot, L₅ - lateral leg; digits two-four; skin middle of dorsum of foot, S₁ - posterior lateral thigh and leg; lateral aspect of foot; digit five, S₂ - medial posterior thigh and leg, S₃ - perineum

51
Q

Meralgia Paresthesia (Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment)

A

A compression neuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it leaves the pelvic cavity beneath the inguinal ligament.Symptoms: pain, burning, and tingling sensation along the lateral aspect of the thigh. Common Causes: wearing tightly fitting clothes or in a position where the femur is flexed for long periods of time. Condition is sometimes confused with certain hip disorders such as trochanteric bursitis

52
Q

Minor (or True) Pelvis

A

Bounded posteriorly by the lumbar vertebrae, laterally by the ilium, and anteriorly by the abdominal wall. It helps to support and protect much of the abdominal viscera.

53
Q

Movements (Femur @ Hip Joint)

A
  • Flexion: movement in the anterior plane* Extension: return movement from flexion (movement in the posterior plane)* Hyperextension: a backward movement beyond normal anatomical position (limited to completely absent in most - except dancers and gymnasts), * Abduction: lateral movement, * Adduction: medial movement, * Lateral Rotation: a rotation around its longitudinal axis so that the knee is turned outward, * Medial Rotation: a rotation around its longitudinal axis so that the knee is turned inward, * Circumduction
54
Q

Neck (Femur)

A

Area that is found just lateral to the head of femur which forms the angle of inclination with the shaft and contains a large number of prominent pits for blood vessels.

55
Q

Obturator (Nerve Damage)

A

The nerve may be damaged during a difficult birth or by an anterior dislocation of the hip joint. If one suspects that the nerve has been damaged, adduction of the femur is tested against resistance.

56
Q

Obturator (Nerve)

A

Nerve is the smaller and more medial of the two terminal branches of the lumbar plexus. It passes from the pelvic cavity to the medial aspect of the thigh by passing through an opening in the membrane that covers the obturator foramen of the pelvic bone. Segmental Innervation: L₂, L₃, and L₄, Division: anterior, Motor Supply: pectineus, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, obturator externus, Cutaneous Supply: distal medial aspect of the thigh, Articular Supply: hip and knee

57
Q

Obturator Externus (General)

A

This muscle derives its name from its origin on the external surface of the obturator foramen. The muscle is found deep to the gemellus inferior and the quadratus femoris.

58
Q

Obturator Externus (Origin/Insertion)

A

Origin: external surface of the obturator, Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur

62
Q

Paralysis of the Quadriceps

A

Origin: internal surface of the obturator membrane, Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

63
Q

Patella

A

The connective tissue that closes the obturator foramen.

64
Q

Patella (Fractures)

A

A reduction in the quantity of bone. In postmenopausal women {this} condition is common due to estrogen deficiency.

65
Q

Pectineus (Actions)

A

An individual with atrophy of these muscles will have difficulty extending the leg against resistance and usually presses on the distal end of the femur during walking to prevent flexion at the knee joint. Patients in bed for any length of time will have atrophy of these muscles and the knee may give way when they first put weight on it. The strength of the knee is significantly dependent on these muscles.Weakness of the muscles can also result in abnormal patellar movements and loss of knee joint mobility.

66
Q

Pectineus (General)

A

Large sesamoid bone that develops within the common tendon of insertion of the quadriceps. Triangular in shape. Superior border is its base, and its apex is directed inferiorly. The posterior surface of the bone is marked by two articular surfaces (lateral and medial) for articulation with the patellar surface and condyles of the femur. The anterior surface is convex and marked by numerous foramina and longitudinal lines.

67
Q

Pectineus (Nerve Supply)

A

Fractures:* A direct blow to the bone, * A fall from a height, * Indirect stresses or trauma, If the fracture is a result of a direct trauma it may be broken into a number of small fragments. Since the bone lies within the quadriceps tendon, little separation of the fragments takes place. Fractures of the bone due to indirect trauma usually cause the quadriceps to contract suddenly and thus allow a snapping along the bone’s transverse axis

68
Q

Pectineus (Origin/Insertion)

A

Actions:* Adducts femur, * Flexion at hip joint

69
Q

Pelvic Bone

A

This small muscle is the most superior of the medial thigh muscles. It is found just medial to the iliopsoas.

70
Q

Pelvic Bone (Classifications)

A

Nerve Supply:* Femoral nerve (L₂, L₃, and L₄), * Obturator nerve (L₂, L₃, and L₄)

71
Q

Pelvic Bone (Functions)

A

Origin: superior rami (pubic pectin) of pubis, Insertion: pectineal line of femur

72
Q

Piriformis (Nerve Supply)

A

Consists of a single bone on each side, the innominate bone that articulates with the sacrum, femur, and the other innominate bone.

73
Q

Piriformis (Origin/Insertion)

A

Classifications: android, gynecoid, anthropoid, platypelloid

74
Q

Piriformis Muscle Syndrome

A

Functions:* Protects the pelvic viscera* Transmits body weight to the limbs and absorbs the stresses of muscular activity, * Allows locomotion by causing the bone to swing from side to side, * In the FEMALE, provides bony support for the birth canal

75
Q

Piriformis, Gemellus Superior, Obturator Internus, Gemellus Inferior, Obturator Externus, and Quadratus Femoris (Actions)

A

Nerve Supply: S₁ and S₂

76
Q

Platypelloid Pelvis

A

Origin: anterior surface of the sacrum (within the pelvic cavity), Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

77
Q

Popliteal (Artery)

A

A common cause of buttock pain is compression of the sciatic nerve by {this} muscle. This causes pain deep in the buttocks and the pain may refer along the course of the sciatic nerve. It is common in sports that require extensive use of the gluteal muscles or activities where lateral rotation of the femur is common.Condition is diagnosed primarily on the basis of symptoms. There are no tests that accurately confirm diagnosis. Stretching and correcting biomechanical abnormalities of the lower extremity and vertebral column may help the condition.

78
Q

Popliteal Aneurysm

A

Action: lateral rotation of femur

79
Q

Popliteal Fossa

A

Exaggerate female pelvis.

80
Q

Popliteal Fossa (Boundaries)

A
  • Distal continuation of the femoral artery, once that vessel has passed through the adductor hiatus of the adductor magnus muscle, * The deepest neurovascular structure of the popliteal fossa, * Has five genicular branches which supply the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint and form a genicular anastomosis at the back of the knee, * Terminates at the inferior aspect of the fossa into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
81
Q

Popliteal Fossa (Contents)

A

An abnormal dilation of the artery which causes swelling and pain in the popliteal fossa. This type may stretch nerves and cause referred pain to the skin over the posterior leg and ankle.

82
Q

Popliteal Surface

A
  • A mostly fat filled compartment of the posterior knee region where important blood vessels and nerves pass from the thigh to the leg. * It is diamond shaped and most prominent when the leg is flexed
83
Q

Posterior Femoral Cutaneous (Nerve)

A

Boundaries: * Lateral - biceps femoris and lateral head of the gastrocnemius, * Medial - semimembranous, semitendinous, and the medial head of the gastrocnemius, * Roof - deep fascia, * Floor - popliteal surface of the femur, posterior extrinsic ligaments of the knee joint and the popliteus muscle

84
Q

Postural Deviations

A

Contents:* Popliteal artery and vein,* Lesser saphenous vein, * Common fibular nerve, * Tibial nerve, * Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, * Popliteal lymph nodes

85
Q

Psoas Abscess

A

The distal posterior aspect of the femur is {this} triangular area.

86
Q

Psoas Major (Origin/Insertion)

A

{This} nerve supplies more skin than any other cutaneous nerve in the body. Unlike most nerves having cutaneous in its name, most of its branches are deep to the fascia lata.Segmental Innervation: S₁, S₂, and S₃, Division: posterior (S₁ and S₂) and anterior (S₃)Cutaneous Supply: buttocks, posterior thigh, and popliteal fossa

87
Q

Psoas Minor (Nerve Supply)

A

Weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus muscles will also cause postural deviations in which the pelvis is high on the side of the muscle weakness. As a result, the vertebral column will deviate toward the opposite or low side. In other words, a weakness of the right gluteus medius and minimus will give rise to a left “C” curve of the vertebral column.

88
Q

Psoas Minor (Origin/Insertion)

A

The fascial covering of the psoas muscle extends distally as loose fascial covering of the muscle. An infection, such as from tuberculosis may spread from the vertebral column into the space between the muscle and its fascial covering. The infection may produce a swollen area which can travel down the muscle and end up as very painful “bag” of pus in the proximal anterior thigh region.

89
Q

Pudendal (Nerve)

A

Origin: bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

90
Q

Pulled Groin (Adductor Strain)

A

Nerve Supply: L₁ (sometimes L₂)

91
Q

Pulled Hamstring

A

Origin: bodies of lumbar vertebrae, Insertion: iliopubic eminence of pubis

92
Q

Pulled Hamstring (Contributing Factors)

A

{This} is the main nerve of the perineum and chief sensory nerve of the external genitalia. It leaves the pelvis through the grater sciatic notch.Segmental Innervation: S₂, S₃, and S₄, Division: anterior

93
Q

Quadrate Tubercle

A

A condition in which there is a stretching of the origin of an adductor muscle beyond its tensile strength. This may lead to some tearing of muscle fibers and connective tissue. Strains of the psoas muscle are also classified as such. Usually occur in sports that require quick starts. Patient will usually describe the following symptoms: pain and tenderness in the groin area, stiffness in the area, weakness of the muscles, and possible bruising in the area.

94
Q

Quadratus Femoris (General)

A

Also known as a hamstring strain. This condition is a common sports injury. It is twice as common as strains of the quadriceps and seen in athletes who run very hard and have a quick start. The strong muscular contraction required to excel in these sports may lead to a tear of the proximal part of the muscle. Many of these tears are accompanied by hemorrhaging which leads to painful hematomas and the inability to use the muscles in a normal manner.

95
Q

Quadratus Femoris (Origin/Insertion)

A

Contributing Factors:* Running style, * Over developed quadriceps, * Biomechanical factors, * Inadequate warming up and stretching

96
Q

Quadriceps

A

A prominent bump found on the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.

97
Q

Quadriceps (Actions)

A

A quadrant shaped muscle that is found inferior to the gemellus inferior.

98
Q

Quadriceps (Nerve Supply)

A

Origin: tuberosity of ischium, Insertion: quadrate tubercle of femur

99
Q

Rectus Femoris (Origin/Insertion)

A

The collective name for the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.

100
Q

Sartorius (Actions)

A

Actions All Muscles:* Extend leg at knee joint, * Tonus of the muscle plays a role in strengthening the knee joint, Additional Action of Rectus Femoris:* Flexes femur at hip joint. Additional Action of Articularis Genu:* Retracts the synovial membrane of the knee joint to help stabilize the knee

101
Q

Sartorius (General)

A

Nerve Supply: femoral nerve (L₂, L₃, and L₄)

102
Q

Sartorius (Origin/Insertion)

A

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabulum of the pelvic bone, Insertion: common tendon of insertion on base of the patella

103
Q

Sciatic (Nerve Damage)

A

Actions:* Flexion at the hip joint and knee (only functions when both are carried out at the same time)* Abducts and laterally rotates the femur,* Medially rotates the leg

104
Q

Sciatic (Nerve)

A

A narrow, superficial muscle, which is the longest muscle in the body. It passes obliquely downward and medial across the anterior aspect of the thigh. It derives its name from the fact that it is brought into play by the tailor when he or she assumes the position which characteristic of that trade (i.e. “crossing the legs”).

105
Q

Sciatic Nerve (General)

A

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine, Insertion: superior medial shaft of the tibia

106
Q

Sciatica

A

Nerve Damage:* Fractures of the pelvis, * Posterior dislocation of the hip joint, * Penetrating wounds (e.g. badly placed intramuscular injections)When the nerve is damaged the following problems will occur:Motor: hamstring muscles are atrophied but weak flexion of leg is possible due to actions of the sartorius and gracilis, all muscles distal to the knee may be involved, foot due gravity falls into the plantar flexed position (FOOT DROP)Sensory: loss of sensation below the knee except for an area along the medial side of the leg and foot

107
Q

Sciatica (Causes)

A

Nerve:Segmental Innervation: L₄, L₅, S₁, S₂, and S₃, Division: anterior and posterior Motor Supply: adductor magnus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

108
Q

Semimembranosus (General)

A

The largest nerve in the body and is the continuation of the sacral plexus into the thigh, leg, and foot. The nerve leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic notch, deep to the piriformis muscle. The nerve consists of two parts: the tibial nerve, and the common fibular nerve.

109
Q

Semimembranosus (Origin/Insertion)

A

A term used to describe a condition in which patients complain of pain along the sensory distribution of the sciatic nerve. Pain is usually experienced in the gluteal region, posterior thigh, and leg.

110
Q

Semitendinosus (General)

A

Causes:* Compression, inflammation, and/or subluxation of L₄-S₃, * Compression neuropathy of the sciatic nerve (e.g. piriformis syndrome, wallet in the back pocket), * Prolapse of an intervertebral disc, with pressure on one or more roots of the lower lumbar or sacral spinal nerves, *Intrapelvic tumor

111
Q

Semitendinosus (Origin/Insertion)

A

This muscle is named because of the flattened nature of its proximal attachment. Proximally it lies deep to the semitendinosus.

112
Q

Sexual Dimorphism

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity, Insertion: medial condyle of tibia

113
Q

Short Head Biceps Femoris (Origin/Insertion)

A

This muscle is situated on the medial-posterior aspect of the femur. It is medial to the biceps femoris and is superficial to the semimembranosus. Its tendon of insertion is very long and thus gives the muscle its name.

114
Q

Spiral Line

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity, Insertion: medial condyle and proximal posterior shaft of tibia

115
Q

Subcapital Fracture (Femur)

A

The distinct difference in size or appearance between the sexes in addition to difference between the sexual organs themselves.

116
Q

Superior Gluteal (Nerve)

A

Origin: linea aspera of femur, Insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

117
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata (Actions)

A

The continuation of the intertrochanteric line on the posterior aspect of the shaft of the femur.

118
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata (General)

A

Fracture:* Commonly called a “broken hip”* The neck of the femur is fractured, * Fairly common, especially in older individuals who suffer from osteoporosis, * Blood supply to the femoral head is interrupted, leading to a degeneration of the head (avascular necrosis)* The head is supplied by a small branch of the obturator artery which passes to the head within the ligament of the femoral head, * The neck receives a rich blood supply from branches of the femoral artery (medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries)

119
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata (Origin/Insertion)

A

{This} nerve leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic notch, superior to the piriformis muscle. Segmental Innervation: L₄, L₅, S₁ Division: posterior Motor Supply: gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia lata Superior Ramus (Pubis)

120
Q

Varicose Vein (Causes)

A

Actions:* Flexes, abducts, and medially rotates femur, * Helps to stabilize the knee joint

121
Q

Varicose Veins

A

This muscle which lies along the lateral border of the femur between two layers of the lateral aspect of the fascia lata (iliotibial tract). The muscle forms a superficial elevation below and lateral to the iliac crest.

122
Q

Vastus Intermedius (General)

A

Origin: crest of the ilium, Insertion: iliotibial tract (fascia lata)

123
Q

Vastus Intermedius (Origin/Insertion)

A

Causes:* Congenitally defect valves, * Pregnancy, * Being overweight* Inflammation of the vein

124
Q

Vastus Lateralis (General)

A

Condition when the cutaneous veins become enlarged, twisted, and painful due to poorly functioning valves. This condition occurs when the valves which normally prevent blood flow from the deep veins through the perforating veins to the superficial veins are incompetent or when the valves of the great saphenous are incompetent. By incompetent we mean that the valves are dilating completely and blood will pool in the veins and cause them to enlarge.

125
Q

Vastus Lateralis (Origin/Insertion)

A

Muscle deep to the other quadriceps and covers most of the anterior aspect of the femur.

126
Q

Vastus Medialis (General)

A

Origin: anterior lateral aspect and linea aspera of the femur, Insertion: common tendon of insertion on base of patella

127
Q

Vastus Medialis (Origin/Insertion)

A

The largest muscle of the quadriceps group. It forms a broad, fleshy mass on the thigh.

Gross Anatomy 1 (5 decks)

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