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GESCI 201 Natural Disasters Exam 1 > Exam 2- Volcanoes > Flashcards

Exam 2- Volcanoes Flashcards

1
Q

A wide, broad volcano made up of lava flows (basalt); Mauna Loa, Kilauea

A

Shield Volcano

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2
Q

Tall, steep mountains made up of lava flows, pyroclastic flows, and lahars; big explosive eruptions; ex: Krakatau; Pinatubo, Mt St Helens

A

Composite (Stratovolcano)

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3
Q

Smaller volcano, coned shaped, made up mostly of “cinders” aka tephra; usually found in proximity to another volcano either shield or composite; has a crater at the top (not a caldera)
ex: heimaey, iceland

A

Cinder cone

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4
Q

Where do volcanoes occur?

A

Plate boundaries

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5
Q

Where do most volcanoes occur?

A

Subduction zone

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6
Q

an area in the mantle from which heat rises as a thermal plume from deep in the Earth.
Ex: hawaii, yellowstone

A

Hot Spot

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7
Q

Where are most subduction zones located

A

Ring of fire (almost anywhere that touches the pacific ocean) Northwestern US, Alaska; Russia, Japan, Indoanesia, The Phillipines, Tonga, Ecuador, Columbia, Costa Rice, Mexico.

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8
Q

Molten rock at the surface

A

Lava flows

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9
Q

sharp, jagged block

A

A’a lava flow

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10
Q

smooth, ropy (almost like taffy)

A

Pahoehoe lava flow

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11
Q

Types of volcanic rocks

A

basalt, rhyolite, andesite

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12
Q

dark colored, lava rock (shield, cinder cone, fissure eruption)

A

basalt lava rock

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13
Q

Medium rock, salt and pepper appearance; composite volcanos (more sticky)

A

Andesite

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14
Q

light-colored rock; stickiest of all, globby like toothpaste or peanut butter;
lava domes, oozes out, can’t flow; lava domes, composite volcanoes

A

Rhyolite

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15
Q

(intrusive)igneous rock that comes from magma but cooled UNDER ground. Never erupted from a volcano.

A

Granite

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16
Q

any rock that comes from magma

A

igneous rock

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17
Q

volcanic glass; cools super fast and has no mineral crystals in it

18
Q

materials resistance to flow

19
Q

watery; erupts easily (basalt)

A

low viscosity

20
Q

thick, sticky; gets stuck, builds up pressure and have HUGE eruptions; andesite and rhyolite

A

high viscosity

21
Q

how much silicon + oxygen is in a magma;

*higher silica content=higher viscosity

A

silica content

22
Q

less viscous=less explosive eruption

A

Hotter magma

23
Q

higher viscosity=more explosive eruption

A

colder magma

24
Q

volcanic mud flow caused by melting of ice/snow/glaciers, almost always happening at composite volcanoes

25
Q

hot, dense clouds of gas and ash; very dense (dust avalanche)

A

pyroclastic flow

26
Q

a long high sea wave cause by an earthquake, submarine landslide or other disturbance

27
Q

a collapsed volcano; mostly with composite volcano

28
Q

Monitor and evacuation

A

Mitigation of a volcano

29
Q
  • Gas emission
  • swarms of earthquakes
  • ground deformation, ground swelling
  • changes in groundwater (heating up or gases)
A

Warning signs of an eruption

30
Q
  • The biggest volcanic threat in the US (close to populated areas)
  • glacier at the top (lahars)
A

Mt. Rainier

31
Q

hot ground water comes to the surface (not always associated with volcanoes)

A

Hot springs

32
Q

steam vents

33
Q

erupting hot springs

34
Q
  • Island in Greece
  • Ancient eruption 1600 bc
  • Africaa-Eurasia convergent boundary
  • created a tsunami
  • wiped out the Minoans
  • some people think legend of Atlantis came from
  • Moses’ plagues
35
Q
  • Italy, 79 AD, Africa-EurAsian convergent boundary
  • buried Pompeii and Herculaneum
  • most know for its archeology
  • close to Naples (populated)
36
Q
  • April 10, 1815-Indonesia(composite)
  • India-Australia- Pacific plate
  • year without a summer, changed climate, ash blocked sunlight
  • famine trhoughout asia, europe, north america
  • *inspiired the book of Frankenstein
37
Q
  • 1883, Indonesia(composite)
  • India-Australia subducting under Eurasian
  • giant eruption, loudest sound ever recorded
  • shock wave traveled around the world
  • The Scream by Edvard Munch
  • caldera collapsed and caused a tsunami
38
Q
  • 1973, Iceland
  • mid-atlantic ridge divergent boundary
  • a fissure eruption/cinder cone/shield volcano;
  • hot spot and divergent boundary
  • sprayed ocean water on it to stop it
  • tephra fall buries town, lava flows destroyed some buildings
  • 1 person died
39
Q
  • 1980-composite volcano
  • Juan de Fuca-North America Plates
  • Later eruption-out of the side (ever time observing that happening)
  • biggest landslide ever recorded on earth
  • scientific advancement
  • we learned that eruptions can be predicted
  • lahars
A

Mt St Helens

40
Q
  • 1991 Phillipines
  • Philippine-Pacific-Eurasian plates
  • people were evacuated, 850 still died
  • typhoon occured at the same time
  • ash was wet and heavy and made roofs collapse
  • cooled climate by .5C for a year globally
41
Q
  • Shield volcano on a hot spot, in Hawaii

* erupted 1983-2018, began erupting again in 2020

GESCI 201 Natural Disasters Exam 1 (4 decks)

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