Exam 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
1
Q
papule
A
superficial thickening of the epidermis <1cm; elevated
ex. mole, wart
2
Q
macule
A
flat color change of skin
ex. freckle, hyperpigmentation, petechiae
3
Q
plaque
A
merged papules >1cm
ex. psoriasis
4
Q
nodule
A
1-2cm in diameter elevated skin; typically deeper than papule
ex. fibroma
5
Q
wheal
A
irregularly shaped, raised erythematous skin tissue; slightly edematous
ex. mosquito bite, allergic reaction
6
Q
tumor
A
large, deep, firm lesion; may be benign or malignant
ex. lipoma, hemangioma
7
Q
vesicle
A
elevated up to 1cm cavity containing clear fluid
ex. herpes, varicella
8
Q
bulla
A
superficial thin-walled blister >1cm which ruptures easily
ex. friction blister, burn
9
Q
urticaria
A
merged, pruritic wheals
ex. hives
10
Q
fissure
A
linear crack in skin w/abrupt edges which extends into dermis; dry or moist
ex. cheilosis, athlete’s foot
11
Q
excoriation
A
self inflicted abrasion from intense itching
ex. insect bite, varicella
12
Q
lichenification
A
“moss-like” thickened area of skin from prolonged itching; packs of papules
13
Q
keloid
A
benign excess scar tissue from surgery, piercing, tattoos, infections, burns
14
Q
hemangioma
A
benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels; resolves on its own
15
Q
patch
A
macules larger than 1cm
16
Q
petechiae
A
tiny, flat, purple/red spots on skin surface resulting from miniscule hemorrhages
17
Q
pruritis
A
itchy
18
Q
edema
A
abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces
19
Q
contusion
A
swelling, discoloration, and pain w/o break in skin (bruise)
20
Q
cherry angioma
A
small, slightly raised red area typically on the trunk, face, or neck; increase in size and # w/age
21
Q
acrocyanosis
A
persistent cyanosis of the extremities, especially hands
22
Q
cafe au lait
A
flat, brown skin lesion
23
Q
cellulitis
A
inflammation/infection of the soft tissue under the skin
24
Q
sclera
A
white part of eye
25
palpebral fissure
open space between eyelids
26
pupillary light reflex
constriction of a pupil in response to light
lack of response may be d/t nerve damage, brain stem death, or depressant meds
27
scleral icterus
yellowing of sclera d/t jaundice
28
Snellen E chart
eye chart to measure visual acuity
nml distance/actual distance
29
corneal light reflex
shining a light to observe where the light reflects of corneas; tells symmetry
may indicate strabismus
30
red reflex
red glow over pupil created by light illuminating the retina
white reflect may indicate leukocoria or cancer
31
aniscoria
unequal pupils
32
cataracts
opaque eye lens
33
glaucoma
pressure in eye leading to loss of sight
34
leukocoria
white pupillary reflex
35
myopia
nearsightedness
36
presbyopia
farsightedness; vision loss associated w/old age
37
ptosis
eyelid droop
38
accomodation
eye lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
39
conjunctiva
clear membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeballs
40
consensual reaction
constriction of one pupil initiates constriction of the other when light is shone on only one eye
41
diplopia
double vision
42
fontanel
soft spot b/w cranial bones of an infant
| 2,2,2
43
miosis
constriction of pupil
44
mydriasis
dilation of the pupil
45
nystagmus
involuntary rapid eye movements
46
strabismus
eyes not directed at same object or point; "cross-eyed"
47
otitis media
middle ear infection; common in children
48
cerumen
ear wax
49
otitis externa
outer ear infection; "swimmer's ear"
50
presbycusis
hearing loss associated w/age
51
tinnitus
ear ringing
52
otorrhea
discharge from the ear
53
narres
nostrils
54
rhinorrhea
nose discharge; "runny nose"
55
otoscope
instrument used to vizualize inner ear
56
epistaxis
nose bleed; common in pregnant women
57
hard palate
bony roof of mouth
turns yellow w/jaundice
58
soft palate
tissue at back of mouth; should rise symmetrically w/"ahh" sound
59
buccal
pertaining to inside of cheek
60
crypts
indentation on tonsil surface
61
tonsilloliths
tonsil stones
62
bottle mouth
sugared foods/milk feed bacteria which decay baby teeth
63
oral candidiasis
"thrush"; fungal infection
64
cheyne-stokes
alternated breathing pattern b/w hypopnea/apnea followed by hyperpnea
65
adventitious sounds
extra, abnormal breath sounds
| ex. wheezes, crackles, ronchi
66
tachypnea
fast, short breaths
67
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
68
atelectasis
partial or total collapse of a lung
69
bronchial breath sounds
high-pitched sounds heard over trachea or near manubrium; abnormal if heard over posterial or lateral chest
70
bronchial breath sounds
high-pitched sounds heard over trachea or near manubrium; abnormal if heard over posterial or lateral chest
71
crackles
crackling lung sounds during inpiration AND expiration or JUST inspiration
```
early = bronchitis
late = poss left sided heart failure
```
72
crackles
crackling lung sounds during inpiration
```
early = bronchitis
late = poss left sided heart failure
```
73
heave
palpable lift of the chest wall
74
hemoptysis
coughing blood
75
kussmaul respiration
rapid deep respiration associated w/ketoacidosis
76
pectus carinatum
abnormal prominence of sternum
77
pectus excavatum
abnormal depression of sternum
78
rhoncus
low-pitched, musical lung sound signaling airway obstruction
may be secretions, muscular contraction, neoplasm, or external pressure
79
vesicular breath sounds
normal breath sounds heard over most of the lungs
80
wheeze
high-pitched, musical lung sound d/t narrowed airway; heard on inspiration AND expiration or just expiration
indicative of asthma; "beware of silent asthmatic"
81
kyphosis
hunch back
82
scoliosis
abnormal "S" curvature of spine
83
lordosis
increase in the forward curvature of lumbar spine; common in pregnant women
84
angina pectoris
chest pain resultant from insufficient oxygen to the heart
85
afterload
resistance against which the heart pumps
86
alopecia
abnormal hair loss
87
angle of louis
palpable angulation between the sternum and manubrium
88
apgar scoring system
newborn's first respiratory assessment
| 8-9 nml
89
ataxiaa
inability to coordinate movement
90
central venous pressure (CVP)
pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava, near R atrium of heart; reflect amount of blood returning to heart and ability to pump blood into arteries
91
circumscribed
well-define, limited, and encircled
92
coarctation
narrowing of a section of the aorta
93
contralateral
opposite side of the body
94
dermatome
area of skin innervated by a single spine nerve
95
dorsalis pedis
pulse found on top of foot
96
foramen ovale
small hole between two atria of the heart
97
gallop rhythm
addition of 3rd or 4th heart sound
98
infarct
localized area of necrosis caused by lack of oxygenation
99
mid-clavicular line
vertical line extending downward from middle of clavicle
100
orthopnea
difficulty breathing while lying down
101
palpitation
subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeats
102
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
difficulty breathing after lying down for several hrs, causing pt to awaken suddenly w/feeling of suffocation
103
point of maximum impulse (PMI)
apical impulse palpated strongest
104
popliteal pulse
pulse felt behind knee when slightly bent
105
posterior tibial pulse
pulse found behind knob on ankle aka medial malleolus
106
precordium
area of chest directly overlying the heart
107
preload
amount of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
108
stridor
shrill, harsh sound hear during inspiration d/t laryngeal obstruction
109
tail of spence
axillary tail of breast
110
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein associated w/clot formation
111
ischemia
inability to pump blood to muscle
112
ileus
obstruction of the bowel
113
ascites
abdominal fluid accumulation
114
claudication
pain/cramp of the leg d/t poor circulation of blood to lower leg
115
clonus
involuntary muscle movement
| ex. MAOI 5HT syndrome
116
CVA tenderness
percussed back pain associated w/kidneys
117
flank
area of back overlying the kidneys
118
guarding
tensing abdominal wall to guard inflamed organs from pressure pain; detected when abdomen pressed
119
gynecomastia
abnl breast development in males
120
induration
hardening of normally soft tissue or organs d/t inflammation, neoplasm, or accumulation of blood
121
lanugo
fine, downy, unpigmented hair lasting up to 3 months on infants
associated w/anorexia nervosa in adults
122
peristalsis
alternating contraction and relaxation of intestinal muscles to propel contents forward
123
pupura
hemorrhage into circumscribed tissue
| ex. petechiae, ecchymoses, hematomas
124
rebound tenderness
pain felt when abdominal pressure released during palpation
125
referred pain
pain felt in location other than origin
126
retraction
drawing skin backward d/t increased respiratory distress
127
senile purpura
trauma to dorsal vessels on dorsum of hands; common in elderly
128
steatorrhea
fat in feces
129
striae
stretch marks
130
turbinates
nasal bone/tissue covered in mucosal membranes which become inflamed upon invasion or allergy
131
turgor
nml resiliency of the skin
132
vertigo
dizziness
Subjective- pt spinning
Objective- room spinning
133
visceral pain
poorly localized, diffuse pain arising from the abdominal organs
134
shotty node
small, hard, nodular lymph node; moveable and nontender; associated w/multiple past infections
135
hirsutism
excessive hairiness on females where hair does not normally occur; chest, face
