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NUR 310 Health Assessment > Exam 2 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Exam 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

papule

A

superficial thickening of the epidermis <1cm; elevated

ex. mole, wart

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2
Q

macule

A

flat color change of skin

ex. freckle, hyperpigmentation, petechiae

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3
Q

plaque

A

merged papules >1cm

ex. psoriasis

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4
Q

nodule

A

1-2cm in diameter elevated skin; typically deeper than papule
ex. fibroma

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5
Q

wheal

A

irregularly shaped, raised erythematous skin tissue; slightly edematous
ex. mosquito bite, allergic reaction

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6
Q

tumor

A

large, deep, firm lesion; may be benign or malignant

ex. lipoma, hemangioma

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7
Q

vesicle

A

elevated up to 1cm cavity containing clear fluid

ex. herpes, varicella

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8
Q

bulla

A

superficial thin-walled blister >1cm which ruptures easily

ex. friction blister, burn

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9
Q

urticaria

A

merged, pruritic wheals

ex. hives

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10
Q

fissure

A

linear crack in skin w/abrupt edges which extends into dermis; dry or moist
ex. cheilosis, athlete’s foot

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11
Q

excoriation

A

self inflicted abrasion from intense itching

ex. insect bite, varicella

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12
Q

lichenification

A

“moss-like” thickened area of skin from prolonged itching; packs of papules

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13
Q

keloid

A

benign excess scar tissue from surgery, piercing, tattoos, infections, burns

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14
Q

hemangioma

A

benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels; resolves on its own

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15
Q

patch

A

macules larger than 1cm

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16
Q

petechiae

A

tiny, flat, purple/red spots on skin surface resulting from miniscule hemorrhages

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17
Q

pruritis

A

itchy

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18
Q

edema

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces

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19
Q

contusion

A

swelling, discoloration, and pain w/o break in skin (bruise)

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20
Q

cherry angioma

A

small, slightly raised red area typically on the trunk, face, or neck; increase in size and # w/age

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21
Q

acrocyanosis

A

persistent cyanosis of the extremities, especially hands

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22
Q

cafe au lait

A

flat, brown skin lesion

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23
Q

cellulitis

A

inflammation/infection of the soft tissue under the skin

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24
Q

sclera

A

white part of eye

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25
Q

palpebral fissure

A

open space between eyelids

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26
Q

pupillary light reflex

A

constriction of a pupil in response to light

lack of response may be d/t nerve damage, brain stem death, or depressant meds

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27
Q

scleral icterus

A

yellowing of sclera d/t jaundice

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28
Q

Snellen E chart

A

eye chart to measure visual acuity

nml distance/actual distance

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29
Q

corneal light reflex

A

shining a light to observe where the light reflects of corneas; tells symmetry

may indicate strabismus

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30
Q

red reflex

A

red glow over pupil created by light illuminating the retina

white reflect may indicate leukocoria or cancer

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31
Q

aniscoria

A

unequal pupils

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32
Q

cataracts

A

opaque eye lens

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33
Q

glaucoma

A

pressure in eye leading to loss of sight

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34
Q

leukocoria

A

white pupillary reflex

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35
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

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36
Q

presbyopia

A

farsightedness; vision loss associated w/old age

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37
Q

ptosis

A

eyelid droop

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38
Q

accomodation

A

eye lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina

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39
Q

conjunctiva

A

clear membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeballs

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40
Q

consensual reaction

A

constriction of one pupil initiates constriction of the other when light is shone on only one eye

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41
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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42
Q

fontanel

A

soft spot b/w cranial bones of an infant

2,2,2

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43
Q

miosis

A

constriction of pupil

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44
Q

mydriasis

A

dilation of the pupil

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45
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary rapid eye movements

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46
Q

strabismus

A

eyes not directed at same object or point; “cross-eyed”

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47
Q

otitis media

A

middle ear infection; common in children

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48
Q

cerumen

A

ear wax

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49
Q

otitis externa

A

outer ear infection; “swimmer’s ear”

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50
Q

presbycusis

A

hearing loss associated w/age

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51
Q

tinnitus

A

ear ringing

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52
Q

otorrhea

A

discharge from the ear

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53
Q

narres

A

nostrils

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54
Q

rhinorrhea

A

nose discharge; “runny nose”

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55
Q

otoscope

A

instrument used to vizualize inner ear

56
Q

epistaxis

A

nose bleed; common in pregnant women

57
Q

hard palate

A

bony roof of mouth

turns yellow w/jaundice

58
Q

soft palate

A

tissue at back of mouth; should rise symmetrically w/”ahh” sound

59
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to inside of cheek

60
Q

crypts

A

indentation on tonsil surface

61
Q

tonsilloliths

A

tonsil stones

62
Q

bottle mouth

A

sugared foods/milk feed bacteria which decay baby teeth

63
Q

oral candidiasis

A

“thrush”; fungal infection

64
Q

cheyne-stokes

A

alternated breathing pattern b/w hypopnea/apnea followed by hyperpnea

65
Q

adventitious sounds

A

extra, abnormal breath sounds

ex. wheezes, crackles, ronchi

66
Q

tachypnea

A

fast, short breaths

67
Q

dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing

68
Q

atelectasis

A

partial or total collapse of a lung

69
Q

bronchial breath sounds

A

high-pitched sounds heard over trachea or near manubrium; abnormal if heard over posterial or lateral chest

70
Q

bronchial breath sounds

A

high-pitched sounds heard over trachea or near manubrium; abnormal if heard over posterial or lateral chest

71
Q

crackles

A

crackling lung sounds during inpiration AND expiration or JUST inspiration

early = bronchitis
late = poss left sided heart failure
72
Q

crackles

A

crackling lung sounds during inpiration

early = bronchitis
late = poss left sided heart failure
73
Q

heave

A

palpable lift of the chest wall

74
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing blood

75
Q

kussmaul respiration

A

rapid deep respiration associated w/ketoacidosis

76
Q

pectus carinatum

A

abnormal prominence of sternum

77
Q

pectus excavatum

A

abnormal depression of sternum

78
Q

rhoncus

A

low-pitched, musical lung sound signaling airway obstruction

may be secretions, muscular contraction, neoplasm, or external pressure

79
Q

vesicular breath sounds

A

normal breath sounds heard over most of the lungs

80
Q

wheeze

A

high-pitched, musical lung sound d/t narrowed airway; heard on inspiration AND expiration or just expiration

indicative of asthma; “beware of silent asthmatic”

81
Q

kyphosis

A

hunch back

82
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal “S” curvature of spine

83
Q

lordosis

A

increase in the forward curvature of lumbar spine; common in pregnant women

84
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain resultant from insufficient oxygen to the heart

85
Q

afterload

A

resistance against which the heart pumps

86
Q

alopecia

A

abnormal hair loss

87
Q

angle of louis

A

palpable angulation between the sternum and manubrium

88
Q

apgar scoring system

A

newborn’s first respiratory assessment

8-9 nml

89
Q

ataxiaa

A

inability to coordinate movement

90
Q

central venous pressure (CVP)

A

pressure of blood in the thoracic vena cava, near R atrium of heart; reflect amount of blood returning to heart and ability to pump blood into arteries

91
Q

circumscribed

A

well-define, limited, and encircled

92
Q

coarctation

A

narrowing of a section of the aorta

93
Q

contralateral

A

opposite side of the body

94
Q

dermatome

A

area of skin innervated by a single spine nerve

95
Q

dorsalis pedis

A

pulse found on top of foot

96
Q

foramen ovale

A

small hole between two atria of the heart

97
Q

gallop rhythm

A

addition of 3rd or 4th heart sound

98
Q

infarct

A

localized area of necrosis caused by lack of oxygenation

99
Q

mid-clavicular line

A

vertical line extending downward from middle of clavicle

100
Q

orthopnea

A

difficulty breathing while lying down

101
Q

palpitation

A

subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeats

102
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

difficulty breathing after lying down for several hrs, causing pt to awaken suddenly w/feeling of suffocation

103
Q

point of maximum impulse (PMI)

A

apical impulse palpated strongest

104
Q

popliteal pulse

A

pulse felt behind knee when slightly bent

105
Q

posterior tibial pulse

A

pulse found behind knob on ankle aka medial malleolus

106
Q

precordium

A

area of chest directly overlying the heart

107
Q

preload

A

amount of blood in ventricles at end of diastole

108
Q

stridor

A

shrill, harsh sound hear during inspiration d/t laryngeal obstruction

109
Q

tail of spence

A

axillary tail of breast

110
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein associated w/clot formation

111
Q

ischemia

A

inability to pump blood to muscle

112
Q

ileus

A

obstruction of the bowel

113
Q

ascites

A

abdominal fluid accumulation

114
Q

claudication

A

pain/cramp of the leg d/t poor circulation of blood to lower leg

115
Q

clonus

A

involuntary muscle movement

ex. MAOI 5HT syndrome

116
Q

CVA tenderness

A

percussed back pain associated w/kidneys

117
Q

flank

A

area of back overlying the kidneys

118
Q

guarding

A

tensing abdominal wall to guard inflamed organs from pressure pain; detected when abdomen pressed

119
Q

gynecomastia

A

abnl breast development in males

120
Q

induration

A

hardening of normally soft tissue or organs d/t inflammation, neoplasm, or accumulation of blood

121
Q

lanugo

A

fine, downy, unpigmented hair lasting up to 3 months on infants

associated w/anorexia nervosa in adults

122
Q

peristalsis

A

alternating contraction and relaxation of intestinal muscles to propel contents forward

123
Q

pupura

A

hemorrhage into circumscribed tissue

ex. petechiae, ecchymoses, hematomas

124
Q

rebound tenderness

A

pain felt when abdominal pressure released during palpation

125
Q

referred pain

A

pain felt in location other than origin

126
Q

retraction

A

drawing skin backward d/t increased respiratory distress

127
Q

senile purpura

A

trauma to dorsal vessels on dorsum of hands; common in elderly

128
Q

steatorrhea

A

fat in feces

129
Q

striae

A

stretch marks

130
Q

turbinates

A

nasal bone/tissue covered in mucosal membranes which become inflamed upon invasion or allergy

131
Q

turgor

A

nml resiliency of the skin

132
Q

vertigo

A

dizziness

Subjective- pt spinning
Objective- room spinning

133
Q

visceral pain

A

poorly localized, diffuse pain arising from the abdominal organs

134
Q

shotty node

A

small, hard, nodular lymph node; moveable and nontender; associated w/multiple past infections

135
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive hairiness on females where hair does not normally occur; chest, face

NUR 310 Health Assessment (6 decks)

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