Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Genetics Exam #1 Vocab > Exam #2 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Exam #2 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Aneuploidy

A

a single or a few chromosomes different from the whole set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Barr Body

A

an inactive X chromosome that’s present in most female mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bottleneck

A

evolutionary event that reduces a population’s genetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chiasmata

A

X-shaped structures that form during meiosis where homologous chromosomes physically cross over and exchange genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Coefficient of Coincidence

A

measure of how much one crossover interferes with other crossovers during meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Conjugation

A

The process where one bacterium directly transfers genetic material to another bacterium through cell-to-cell contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cri du Chat Syndrome

A

“cry of the cat” - section of 5th chromosome is missing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Crossing Over

A

the process where genetic material is exchanged between two homologous chromosomes during meiosis resulting in new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes and contributing to genetic diversity in offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Double-Crossover

A

a situation where two separate chromosomal crossovers occur between the same two homologous chromosomes at different locations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Down Syndrome

A

occurs when a person has an extra copy of chromosome 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Duplication

A

duplicated some of the genetic material in a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Edwards Syndrome

A

nondisjunction of the 18th chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Euploidy

A

a term used to describe an organism or cell that has a complete set of chromosomes or a multiple of that set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

F1 Cell

A

the first generation of offspring that result from crossing two distinctly different parental types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

F- Cell

A

a bacterial cell that lacks the fertility factor (F factor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

F Pilus

A

helical filaments that extend from the surface of Escherichia coli cells and are involved in the process of conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

F+ Cell

A

contains fertility factor, can donate F factor to an F- cell during conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Founder Effect

A

a genetic phenomenon that occurs when a new population is established by a small number of individuals from a larger population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fragile X Syndrome

A

most common form of mental retardation, section of X chromosome is fragile and could fall off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Genetic Drift

A

a random process that causes the frequency of a gene or variant or allele to change in a population over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Heterogametic Sex

A

the one in which the sex chromosomes differ (males)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hfr Cell

A

bacteria that have a conjugative plasmid integrated into their DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Homogametic Sex

A

females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Horizontal Gene Transfer

A

the process by which genetic material is exchanged between organisms that are not related by parent and offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Intercalary Deletion
a type of mutation that occurs when a part of a chromosome is lost from its interior
26
Interference
non-random distribution of crossovers along chromosomes during meiosis
27
Jacob's Syndrome
47 XYY syndrome, male children have an extra Y chromosome
28
Klinefelter Syndrome
male is born with an extra X chromosome, 47 XXY
29
Linkage
the tendency of genes located close together on the same chromosome to be inherited together during meiosis
30
Lyctic Cycle
viral replication cycle that involves a virus injecting its DNA into a host cell and using the hosts's machinery to make more viruses
31
Lyon Hypothesis
a theory that one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals is randomly inactivated during early embryonic development
32
Lysogenic Cycle
a viral reproduction cycle in which a virus's DNA integrates into the host cell's DNA and replicates along with it
33
Macroevolution
the process of evolution that occurs at or above the species level, resulting in large and complex changes
34
Maternal Effect
when an organism's phenotype is influenced by its mother's environment and genotype in addition to its own environment and genotype
35
Microevolution
the change in gene frequencies within a population over a short period of time
36
Monosomy
loss of one chromosome
37
Natural Selection
a mechanism of evolution that explains how organisms that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their genes to the next generation
38
Non-crossover
having or being chromosomes that have not participated in genetic crossing-over
39
Non-disjunction
a genetic term referring to the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division resulting in daughter cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes
40
Non-reciprocal Translocation
a type of chromosomal abnormality where a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome, but there is no exchange of genetic material happening simultaneously from the other chromosome
41
Organelle Heredity
the inheritance of genetic information contained within organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts
42
P-arm
short arm of a chromosome
43
Paracentric Inversion
a chromosomal rearrangement that occurs when a chromosome arm breaks into two places, rotates 180 degrees, and then reattaches to its original location
44
Patau Syndrome
nondisjunction of the 13th chromosome, probably only live a few days
45
Phage
composed of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome
46
Plasmid
a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that can replicate independently of a cell's chromosomal DNA
47
Polylpoidy
multiples of whole sets
48
Pseudoautosomal Region
a homologous region of nucleotides on the X and Y chromosomes that allows for recombination and pairing during meiosis
49
Pyrimidine Ring
essential for establishing our genetic code
50
Q-arm
long arm of the chromosome
51
Recombinant Reciprocal Translocation
a type of gene rearrangement where two chromosomes exchange pieces of chromosomal material
52
Sex-determining Region
located on the Y chromosome
53
Single Crossover
when homologous chromosomes are aligned and chromatids from two different chromosomes can exchange segments resulting in genetic recombination
54
Terminal Deletion
end part of chromosome is missing
55
Testis-determining Factor
gene on the Y chromosome
56
Transduction
a process that can refer to the transfer of genetic material between organisms or the conversion of energy or a message into another form
57
Transformation
the process by which a cell or organism takes in and incorporates genetic material from its environment
58
Translocation
location of a gene has changed from one location to another
59
Triplo-X
3X chromosomes, occurs in females
60
Trisomy
gain of one chromosome
61
Tsix
non-coding RNA gene that plays a key role in X chromosome inactivation
62
Turner Syndrome
a genetic disorder that affects development and appearance in females
63
Vertical Gene Transfer
the process by which genetic information, including mutations is passed down from a parent to its offspring
64
Xic
X-inactivated center
65
Xist
non-coding RNA transcribed from the X chromosome of the placental mammals

Genetics Exam #1 Vocab (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions