Exam 2 Vocab

Question 1

Aristotle

Answer 1

philosopher who created the 3 requirements for effective persuasion, which are ethos, pathos, and logos

Question 2

Aristotle - Significance Statement

Answer 2

Important b/c he laid the framework for the primary methods we use to persuade others even today

Question 3

Pathos

Answer 3

An appeal to emotions of the audience

Question 4

Pathos - Significance Statement

Answer 4

Pathos is important because it is a powerful persuasion tool that can be used to stir up a crowd and call them to action. However, it is also dangerous and should be used wisely since it can eliminate logos.

Question 5

Invention

Answer 5

the first of Cicero’s 5 Canons of Rhetoric, this involves topic selection and a subject turning into YOUR topic through background and research

Question 6

Invention - Significance Statement

Answer 6

Invention is important because you must select a specific and consistent topic for your entire speech and strengthen it through background and research in order to deliver a coherent and effective speech

Question 7

Red Herring

Answer 7

Persuasion fallacy in which information is irrelevant and doesn’t pertain to the subject of the speech (When done purposefully, it is a fear appeal)

Question 8

Red Herring - Significance Statement

Answer 8

Red Herrings are an important concept because if you don’t avoid them, you will either disengage your audience or deceive them about your topic.

Question 9

Slippery Slope

Answer 9

Persuasion fallacy in which an assumption is made that things will always get worse

Question 10

Slippery Slope - Significance Statement

Answer 10

Slippery Slope is an important concept because implying or saying that the audience has no ability to make things better is false (and will weaken your speech), as people do have agency and can make decisions.

Question 11

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

Answer 11

Form of persuasion speech that starts with an attention step, has need, satisfaction, and visualization sections, and ends with an emotional appeal.

Question 12

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence - Significance Statement

Answer 12

This style is important because in certain situations helping the audience visualize the solution and giving an emotional appeal can be more effective than just stating the problem/solution (another persuasion speech form)

Question 13

Hasty Generalization

Answer 13

Persuasion fallacy in which one makes a decision too quickly with not enough information

Question 14

Hasty Generalization - Significance Statement

Answer 14

Hasty Generalizations are important to avoid because making decisions based on lacking information can give us false beliefs. Only 60% of our initial judgments of other people are correct, so we will end up with a largely false picture of another person if we make hasty generalizations about them.

Question 15

Ad hominem

Answer 15

Persuasion fallacy in which you turn an issue into a personal attack and attack other people

Question 16

Ad hominem - Significance Statement

Answer 16

It is important to avoid Ad hominem because doing this will not only hurt your audience but will likely make people LESS likely to be persuaded by your argument as a result