exam 2 vocab Flashcards
6.1 define rubisco
enzyme that catalyzes initial transformation of co2 into sugar
6.11 formula for net photosynthesis
photosynthesis - respiration
6.2 define light saturation point
amount of light(PAR) at which plants achieve maximum rate of photosynthesis
6.2 define light compensation point
level of light where photosynthesis and respiration balance each other
6.2 negative effect of high light levels is?
photoinhibition
6.2 define transpiration
loss of water vapor from plant to outside atmosphere
6.8 define shade-intolerant
growing & reproducing best under high light conditions
6.8 define shade-intolerant
growing & reproducing best under low light conditions
6.11 define macronutrients
essential nutrients plants and animals need in large amounts
6.11 define micronutrients
essential nutrients plants and animals need in small amounts
8.2 define geographic range
distribution described by all individuals of a species encompassed in a defined area.
8.2 define ubiquitous
having widespread geographic distribution
8.2 define endemic
restricted to a given region
8.2 define metapopulation
population broken into sets of subpopulations held together by dispersal or movements of individuals among them
8.7 define dispersal
movements of individuals in a space
8.7 define emigration
when individuals move out of a subpopulation
8.7 define immigration
when individuals from another location into a subpopulation
8.7 define migration
intentional, directional, usually seasonal movement of animals between two regions or habitats
8.8 define invasive species
species that is not native to that ecosystem; referred to as non-native or alien species
9.1 define budding
when new individual forms on parent organism
9.1 define geometric population growth
population growth described over discrete time intervals
9.1 define exponential population growth
instantaneous rate of population growth expressed as a proportional increase per unit of time
9.1 define survivorship curve
graph describing the survival (lx) of a cohort of individuals in a population from birth to the maximum age reached by any one member of the cohort.
9.8 demographic stochasticity
random variations in birth and death rates that occur in a population from year to year
9.8 define environmental stochasticity
random variations in the environment that directly affect birth and death rates
10.2 define asexual reproduction
any form of reproduction, such as budding, that does not involve the fusion of gametes
10.2 define parthenogensis
development of an individual from an egg that did not undergo fertilization
10.3 define sexual reproduction
two individuals produce haploid gametes that combine to form a diploid cell
10.3 define hermaphroditic
bisexual flowers with both male organs and female organs - termed “perfect”
10.3 define monoecious
having male and female reproductive organs separated on the same plant - termed “imperfect”
10.3 define simultaneous hermaphrodites
individual organism that possesses both male and female sex organs at the same time in its life cycle
10.3 define sequential hermaphrodites
individual organism that changes sex from female to male (vice versa) at some time in its life cycle
10.6 define reproductive effort
proportion of its resources an organism expends on reproduction
10.8 define iteroparous
having multiple broods over a lifetime
10.8 define semelparous
having only a single reproductive effort in a lifetime, over one short period of time
10.11 define sexual dimorphism
occurrence of morphological differences other than primary sexual characteristics that distinguish males from females in a species
10.11 define intrasexual selection
competition among members of the same sex for a mate
10.11 define intersexual selection
choice of a mate, usually by the female
10.13 describe k-strategist
long lived, larger body size, produce few seeds, parental care is seen, mortality relates to density.
- they are poor colonizers of new and empty habitats
10.13 describe r-strategist
short lived, rapid development, small body size, produce many offspring, minimal parental care.
- they are good colonizers and respond rapidly to disturbance
11.1 define carrying capacity
number of individual organism the resources of a given area can support, usually through the most unfavorable period of the year
11.1 define logistic model of population growth
expression for population growth curve in which rate of increase decreases linearly as population size increase
11.2 define density dependence
regulation of population growth by mechanisms controlled by the size of the population; effect increases as population size increases
11.2 density-dependent mortality
increase in mortality rate with increasing population size
11.2 define density-dependent fecundity
decline in fecundity rate with increasing population size
11.2 define density independent
being unaffected by population density; regulation of growth is not tied to population density
11.3 define intraspecific competition
competition among individuals of same species
define interspecific competition
competition among individuals of different species
11.3 define scramble competition
intraspecific competition in which limited resources are shared to the point that no indivudla survives
11.3 define contest competition
competition in which a limited resource is shred only by dominant individuals; relative constant number of individuals survive
11.3 define exploitation
indirect competition
11.3 define interference
direct competition
11.4 define density-dependent growth
inverse relationship between population density and individual growth
11.5 define self-thinning
progressive decline in density of plants associated with the increasing size of individuals
11.9 define social dominance
physical dominance of one individual over another, usually maintained by some manifestation of aggressive behavior
11.12 define allee effect
reduction in reproduction or survival under low population densities
