exam 2 voacb ch 7 - 11

Question 1

A variable used to count something. It’s usually initialized to zero and then incremented

Answer 1

Counter¶

Question 2

A string with no characters and length 0, represented by two quotation marks.

Answer 2

Empty String

Question 3

An operator, %, that takes a format string and a tuple and generates a string that includes the elements of the tuple formatted as specified by the format string.

Answer 3

Format Operator

Question 4

A sequence of characters in a format string, like %d, that specifies how a value should be formatted.

Answer 4

Format Sequence

Question 5

A string, used with the format operator, that contains format sequences

Answer 5

Format String

Question 6

A boolean variable used to indicate whether a condition is true or false.

Answer 6

Flag

Question 7

A statement that calls a method.

Answer 7

Invocation

Question 8

A property of sequences whose items cannot be reassigned.

Answer 8

Immutable

Question 9

An integer value used to select a character in a string

Answer 9

String Index

Question 10

One of the values in a sequence

Answer 10

Item

Question 11

A function that is associated with an object and called using dot notation

Answer 11

Method

Question 12

A string that a variable can refer to. For now, you can use “object” and “value” interchangeably.

Answer 12

String Object

Question 13

A pattern of traversal that stops when it finds what it is looking for.

Answer 13

Search

Question 14

An ordered set; that is, a set of values where each value is identified by an integer index

Answer 14

Sequence

Question 15

A part of a string specified by a range of indicies

Answer 15

Slice

Question 16

To iterate through the items in a sequence, performing a similar operation on each

Answer 16

Transverse

Question 17

Opens the file named filename for reading and returns a file object

Answer 17

file_obj = open(filename)

Question 18

Closes an open file (most crucial when writing to a file)

Answer 18

file_obj.close()

Question 19

Reads all data from a file object and returns it as a string

Answer 19

file_obj.read()

Question 20

Returns a line from a file object as a string

Answer 20

file_obj.readline()

Question 21

Returns a list of lines from a file object

Answer 21

file_obj.readlines()

Question 22

Writes the line to the file object

Answer 22

file_obj.write(line)

Question 23

Change directory - takes you to the root directory

Answer 23

cd

Question 24

Will change the current directory to the specified directory

Answer 24

cd dir

Question 25

Change directory up one level (move to the parent directory)

Answer 25

cd..

Question 26

Print working directory or show the current directory

Answer 26

pwd

Question 27

List the contents of the current directory

Answer 27

ls

Question 28

Download a copy of the repo at the given URL to the current directory

Answer 28

git clone URL

Question 29

Add the specified file to the list of files to be committed

Answer 29

git add file

Question 30

What files have been added and/or changed

Answer 30

git status

Question 31

Package changes into a commit on your local computer

Answer 31

git commit -m “message”

Question 32

Push commits to your GitHub account

Answer 32

git push

Question 33

Download changes from GitHub to your local repo

Answer 33

git pull

Question 34

To prevent an exception from terminating a program using the try and except statements.

Answer 34

Catch

Question 35

A special character, ‘n’, used in files and strings to indicate the end of a line.

Answer 35

Newline

Question 36

Object that knows how to read from or write to a file.

Answer 36

File Object or File Handle Object

Question 37

A technique that works elegantly in Python. “Using try and except is the _______ way to recover from missing files”

Answer 37

Pythonic

Question 38

A person or team focused on insuring the overall quality of a software product. QA is often involved in testing a product and identifying problems before the product is released.

Answer 38

Quality Assurance

Question 39

A sequence of characters stored in permanent storage like a hard drive

Answer 39

Text File

Question 40

A circumstance where two or more variables refer to the same object

Answer 40

Aliasing

Question 41

A character or string used to indicate where a string should be spli

Answer 41

Delimiter

Question 42

One of the values in a list (or other sequence); also called items

Answer 42

Element

Question 43

Having the same value

Answer 43

Equivalent

Question 44

An integer value that indicates an element in a list

Answer 44

Index

Question 45

Being the same object (which implies equivalence)

Answer 45

Identical

Question 46

A sequence of values

Answer 46

List

Question 47

The sequential accessing of each element in a list

Answer 47

List Transversal

Question 48

A list that is an element of another list

Answer 48

Nested

Question 49

Something a variable can refer to. An object has a type and a value

Answer 49

Object

Question 50

The association between a variable and its value

Answer 50

Reference

Question 51

A mapping from a set of keys to their corresponding values

Answer 51

Dictionary

Question 52

The algorithm used to implement Python dictionaries

Answer 52

hashtable

Question 53

A function used by a hashtable to compute the location for a key

Answer 53

hash functions

Question 54

A set of counters

Answer 54

Histogram

Question 55

A way of performing a computation

Answer 55

Implementation

Question 56

Another name for a key-value pair

Answer 56

Dictionary Item

Question 57

An object that appears in a dictionary as the first part of a key-value pair

Answer 57

Key

Question 58

The representation of the mapping from a key to a value

Answer 58

Key-Value Pair

Question 59

A dictionary operation that takes a key and finds the corresponding value

Answer 59

Lookup

Question 60

When there are one or more loops “inside” of another loop. The inner loop runs to completion each time the outer loop runs once

Answer 60

Nested Loops

Question 61

An object that appears in a dictionary as the second part of a key-value pair. This is more specific than our previous use of the word “value”

Answer 61

Dictionary value

Question 62

A quality of certain types where one value can be checked to see if it is greater than, less than, or equal to another value of the same type. Types which are comparable can be put in a list and sorted.

Answer 62

Comparable

Question 63

A collection of related values, often organized in lists, dictionaries, tuples, etc

Answer 63

Data Structure

Question 64

Abbreviation of “decorate-sort-undecorate”, a pattern that involves building a list of tuples, sorting, and extracting part of the result

Answer 64

DSU

Question 65

The operation of assembling a variable-length argument tuple

Answer 65

Gather

Question 66

A type that has a hash function. Immutable types like integers, floats, and strings are hashable; mutable types like lists and dictionaries are not

Answer 66

hashable

Question 67

A summary of the type, size, and composition of a data structure

Answer 67

Shape (of a data structure)

Question 68

A list (or other sequence) with a single element

Answer 68

Singleton

Question 69

An immutable sequence of elements

Answer 69

Tuple

Question 70

An assignment with a sequence on the right side and a tuple of variables on the left. The right side is evaluated and then its elements are assigned to the variables on the left

Answer 70

Tuple Assignment