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comp sci 220 > exam 1 vocab ch 1-6 > Flashcards

exam 1 vocab ch 1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

an error in a program

A

bug

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2
Q

the heart of any computer, runs the software we write; also called the ‘CPU’ or ‘the processor’

A

Central Processing Unit

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3
Q

to translate a program written in a high level language into a low level language all at once, in preparation for latee execution

A

compile

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4
Q

A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write.

A

High Level Language

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5
Q

A way of using the Python interpreter by typing commands and expressions at the prompt.

A

Interactive Mode

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6
Q

To execute a program in a high-level language by translating it one line at a time.

A

Interpret

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7
Q

A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to execute; also called “machine code” or “assembly language”.

A

Low-Level Language

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8
Q

The lowest-level language for software, which is the language that is directly executed by the central processing unit (CPU).

A

Machine Code

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9
Q

Stores programs and data. Main memory loses its information when the power is turned off.

A

Main Memory

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10
Q

To examine a program and analyze the syntactic structure.

A

Parse

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11
Q

A property of a program that can run on more than one kind of computer.

A

Portability

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12
Q

An instruction that causes the Python interpreter to display a value on the screen.

A

Print Function

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13
Q

The process of formulating a problem, finding a solution, and expressing the solution.

A

Problem Solving

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14
Q

A set of instructions that specifies a computation.

A

Program

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15
Q

When a program displays a message and pauses for the user to type some input to the program.

A

Prompt

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16
Q

Stores programs and data and retains its information even when the power is turned off. Generally slower than main memory. Examples of secondary memory include disk drives and flash memory in USB sticks.

A

Secondary Memory

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17
Q

The meaning of a program.

A

Semantics

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18
Q

An error in a program that makes it do something other than what the programmer intended.

A

Semantic Error

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19
Q

A program in a high-level language.

A

Source Code

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20
Q

A statement that assigns a value to a variable.

A

Assignment

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21
Q

To join two operands end to end.

A

Conceatenate

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22
Q

information in a program that is meant for other programmers (or anyone reading the source code) and has no effect on the execution of the program.

A

Comment

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23
Q

To simplify an expression by performing the operations in order to yield a single value.

A

Evaluate

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24
Q

A combination of variables, operators, and values that represents a single result value.

A

Expression

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25
Q

A type that represents numbers with fractional parts.

A

Floating Point

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26
Q

A type that represents whole numbers.

A

Integer

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27
Q

A reserved word that is used by the compiler to parse a program; you cannot use keywords like if, def, and while as variable names.

A

Keyword

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28
Q

A memory aid. We often give variables mnemonic names to help us remember what is stored in the variable.

A

Mnemonic

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29
Q

An operator, denoted with a percent sign (%), that works on integers and yields the remainder when one number is divided by another.

A

Modulus Operator

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30
Q

One of the values on which an operator operates.

A

Operand

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31
Q

A special symbol that represents a simple computation like addition, multiplication, or string concatenation.

A

Operator

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32
Q

The set of rules governing the order in which expressions involving multiple operators and operands are evaluated.

A

Rules of Precedence

33
Q

A section of code that represents a command or action. So far, the statements we have seen are assignments and print expression statement.

A

Statement

34
Q

A type that represents sequences of characters.

A

String

35
Q

A category of values. The types we have seen so far are integers (type int), floating-point numbers (type float), and strings (type str).

A

Type

36
Q

One of the basic units of data, like a number or string, that a program manipulates.

A

Value

37
Q

A name that refers to a value.

A

Variable

38
Q

An error in the syntax of your program (like a grammar error)

A

Parse Error

39
Q

an error that occurs when you try to combine two objects that are not compatible

A

TypeError
ex. combining str and int

40
Q

an error that occurs when you use a variable before it has a value

A

Name Error

41
Q

The sequence of statements within a compound statement.

A

Body

42
Q

An expression whose value is either True or False.

A

Boolean Expressions

43
Q

One of the alternative sequences of statements in a conditional statement.

A

Branch

44
Q

A conditional statement with a series of alternative branches.

A

Chained Conditional

45
Q

One of the operators that compares its operands: ==, !=, >, <, >=, and <=.

A

Comparison Operator

46
Q

A statement that controls the flow of execution depending on some condition.

A

Conditional Statement

47
Q

The boolean expression in a conditional statement that determines which branch is executed.

A

Condition

48
Q

A statement that consists of a header and a body. The header ends with a colon (:). The body is indented relative to the header.

A

Compound Statement

49
Q

Where we construct a logical expression with additional comparisons to take advantage of the short-circuit behavior.

A

Guardian pattern

50
Q

One of the operators that combines boolean expressions: and, or, and not.

A

Logical Operator

51
Q

A conditional statement that appears in one of the branches of another conditional statement.

A

Nested Conditional

52
Q

A list of the functions that are executing, printed when an exception occurs.

A

Traceback

53
Q

When Python is part-way through evaluating a logical expression and stops the evaluation because Python knows the final value for the expression without needing to evaluate the rest of the expression.

A

Short Circuit

54
Q

A general process for solving a category of problems.

A

Algorithim

55
Q

A value provided to a function when the function is called. This value is assigned to the corresponding parameter in the function.

A

Argument

56
Q

The sequence of statements inside a function definition.

A

Function Body

57
Q

Using an expression as part of a larger expression, or a statement as part of a larger statement.

A

Composition

58
Q

Pertaining to a program that does the same thing each time it runs given the same inputs.

A

Deterministic

59
Q

The syntax for calling a function in another module by specifying the module name followed by a dot (period) and the function name.

A

Dot Notation

60
Q

The order in which statements are executed during a program run.

A

Flow of Execution

61
Q

A function that returns a value.

A

Fruitful Function

62
Q

A named sequence of statements that performs some useful operation. Functions may or may not take arguments and may or may not return a value.

A

Function

63
Q

A statement that executes a function. It consists of the function name followed by an argument list.

A

Function Call

63
Q

A statement that executes a function. It consists of the function name followed by an argument list.

A

Function Call

64
Q

A value created by a function definition. The name of the function is a variable that refers to a function object.

A

Function Object

65
Q

The first line of a function definition.

A

Header

66
Q

A statement that reads a module file and creates a module object.

A

Import Statement

67
Q

A value created by an import statement that provides access to the data and code defined in a module.

A

Module Object

68
Q

A name used inside a function to refer to the value passed as an argument.

A

Parameter

69
Q

Pertaining to a sequence of numbers that appear to be random, but are generated by a deterministic program.

A

Pseudorandom

70
Q

The result of a function. If a function call is used as an expression, the return value is the value of the expression.

A

Return Value

71
Q

A function that does not have a return value.

A

Void Function

72
Q

A variable used in a loop to add up or accumulate a result.

A

Accumlator

73
Q

A variable used in a loop to count the number of times something happened. We initialize a counter to zero then increment the counter each time we want to “count” something.

A

Loop Counter

74
Q

To decrease the value of a variable (often by one).

A

Decrement

75
Q

To give an initial value to a variable that will be updated.

A

Initialize

76
Q

To increase the value of a variable (often by one).

A

Increment

77
Q

A loop in which the terminating condition is never satisfied or for which there is no terminating condition.

A

Infinte Loop

comp sci 220 (10 decks)

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