exam 1 vocab ch 1-6

Question 1

an error in a program

Answer 1

bug

Question 2

the heart of any computer, runs the software we write; also called the ‘CPU’ or ‘the processor’

Answer 2

Central Processing Unit

Question 3

to translate a program written in a high level language into a low level language all at once, in preparation for latee execution

Answer 3

compile

Question 4

A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write.

Answer 4

High Level Language

Question 5

A way of using the Python interpreter by typing commands and expressions at the prompt.

Answer 5

Interactive Mode

Question 6

To execute a program in a high-level language by translating it one line at a time.

Answer 6

Interpret

Question 7

A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to execute; also called “machine code” or “assembly language”.

Answer 7

Low-Level Language

Question 8

The lowest-level language for software, which is the language that is directly executed by the central processing unit (CPU).

Answer 8

Machine Code

Question 9

Stores programs and data. Main memory loses its information when the power is turned off.

Answer 9

Main Memory

Question 10

To examine a program and analyze the syntactic structure.

Answer 10

Parse

Question 11

A property of a program that can run on more than one kind of computer.

Answer 11

Portability

Question 12

An instruction that causes the Python interpreter to display a value on the screen.

Answer 12

Print Function

Question 13

The process of formulating a problem, finding a solution, and expressing the solution.

Answer 13

Problem Solving

Question 14

A set of instructions that specifies a computation.

Answer 14

Program

Question 15

When a program displays a message and pauses for the user to type some input to the program.

Answer 15

Prompt

Question 16

Stores programs and data and retains its information even when the power is turned off. Generally slower than main memory. Examples of secondary memory include disk drives and flash memory in USB sticks.

Answer 16

Secondary Memory

Question 17

The meaning of a program.

Answer 17

Semantics

Question 18

An error in a program that makes it do something other than what the programmer intended.

Answer 18

Semantic Error

Question 19

A program in a high-level language.

Answer 19

Source Code

Question 20

A statement that assigns a value to a variable.

Answer 20

Assignment

Question 21

To join two operands end to end.

Answer 21

Conceatenate

Question 22

information in a program that is meant for other programmers (or anyone reading the source code) and has no effect on the execution of the program.

Answer 22

Comment

Question 23

To simplify an expression by performing the operations in order to yield a single value.

Answer 23

Evaluate

Question 24

A combination of variables, operators, and values that represents a single result value.

Answer 24

Expression

Question 25

A type that represents numbers with fractional parts.

Answer 25

Floating Point

Question 26

A type that represents whole numbers.

Answer 26

Integer

Question 27

A reserved word that is used by the compiler to parse a program; you cannot use keywords like if, def, and while as variable names.

Answer 27

Keyword

Question 28

A memory aid. We often give variables mnemonic names to help us remember what is stored in the variable.

Answer 28

Mnemonic

Question 29

An operator, denoted with a percent sign (%), that works on integers and yields the remainder when one number is divided by another.

Answer 29

Modulus Operator

Question 30

One of the values on which an operator operates.

Answer 30

Operand

Question 31

A special symbol that represents a simple computation like addition, multiplication, or string concatenation.

Answer 31

Operator

Question 32

The set of rules governing the order in which expressions involving multiple operators and operands are evaluated.

Answer 32

Rules of Precedence

Question 33

A section of code that represents a command or action. So far, the statements we have seen are assignments and print expression statement.

Answer 33

Statement

Question 34

A type that represents sequences of characters.

Answer 34

String

Question 35

A category of values. The types we have seen so far are integers (type int), floating-point numbers (type float), and strings (type str).

Answer 35

Type

Question 36

One of the basic units of data, like a number or string, that a program manipulates.

Answer 36

Value

Question 37

A name that refers to a value.

Answer 37

Variable

Question 38

An error in the syntax of your program (like a grammar error)

Answer 38

Parse Error

Question 39

an error that occurs when you try to combine two objects that are not compatible

Answer 39

TypeError ex. combining str and int

Question 40

an error that occurs when you use a variable before it has a value

Answer 40

Name Error

Question 41

The sequence of statements within a compound statement.

Answer 41

Body

Question 42

An expression whose value is either True or False.

Answer 42

Boolean Expressions

Question 43

One of the alternative sequences of statements in a conditional statement.

Answer 43

Branch

Question 44

A conditional statement with a series of alternative branches.

Answer 44

Chained Conditional

Question 45

One of the operators that compares its operands: ==, !=, >, <, >=, and <=.

Answer 45

Comparison Operator

Question 46

A statement that controls the flow of execution depending on some condition.

Answer 46

Conditional Statement

Question 47

The boolean expression in a conditional statement that determines which branch is executed.

Answer 47

Condition

Question 48

A statement that consists of a header and a body. The header ends with a colon (:). The body is indented relative to the header.

Answer 48

Compound Statement

Question 49

Where we construct a logical expression with additional comparisons to take advantage of the short-circuit behavior.

Answer 49

Guardian pattern

Question 50

One of the operators that combines boolean expressions: and, or, and not.

Answer 50

Logical Operator

Question 51

A conditional statement that appears in one of the branches of another conditional statement.

Answer 51

Nested Conditional

Question 52

A list of the functions that are executing, printed when an exception occurs.

Answer 52

Traceback

Question 53

When Python is part-way through evaluating a logical expression and stops the evaluation because Python knows the final value for the expression without needing to evaluate the rest of the expression.

Answer 53

Short Circuit

Question 54

A general process for solving a category of problems.

Answer 54

Algorithim

Question 55

A value provided to a function when the function is called. This value is assigned to the corresponding parameter in the function.

Answer 55

Argument

Question 56

The sequence of statements inside a function definition.

Answer 56

Function Body

Question 57

Using an expression as part of a larger expression, or a statement as part of a larger statement.

Answer 57

Composition

Question 58

Pertaining to a program that does the same thing each time it runs given the same inputs.

Answer 58

Deterministic

Question 59

The syntax for calling a function in another module by specifying the module name followed by a dot (period) and the function name.

Answer 59

Dot Notation

Question 60

The order in which statements are executed during a program run.

Answer 60

Flow of Execution

Question 61

A function that returns a value.

Answer 61

Fruitful Function

Question 62

A named sequence of statements that performs some useful operation. Functions may or may not take arguments and may or may not return a value.

Answer 62

Function

Question 63

A statement that executes a function. It consists of the function name followed by an argument list.

Answer 63

Function Call

Question 63

A statement that executes a function. It consists of the function name followed by an argument list.

Answer 63

Function Call

Question 64

A value created by a function definition. The name of the function is a variable that refers to a function object.

Answer 64

Function Object

Question 65

The first line of a function definition.

Answer 65

Header

Question 66

A statement that reads a module file and creates a module object.

Answer 66

Import Statement

Question 67

A value created by an import statement that provides access to the data and code defined in a module.

Answer 67

Module Object

Question 68

A name used inside a function to refer to the value passed as an argument.

Answer 68

Parameter

Question 69

Pertaining to a sequence of numbers that appear to be random, but are generated by a deterministic program.

Answer 69

Pseudorandom

Question 70

The result of a function. If a function call is used as an expression, the return value is the value of the expression.

Answer 70

Return Value

Question 71

A function that does not have a return value.

Answer 71

Void Function

Question 72

A variable used in a loop to add up or accumulate a result.

Answer 72

Accumlator

Question 73

A variable used in a loop to count the number of times something happened. We initialize a counter to zero then increment the counter each time we want to “count” something.

Answer 73

Loop Counter

Question 74

To decrease the value of a variable (often by one).

Answer 74

Decrement

Question 75

To give an initial value to a variable that will be updated.

Answer 75

Initialize

Question 76

To increase the value of a variable (often by one).

Answer 76

Increment

Question 77

A loop in which the terminating condition is never satisfied or for which there is no terminating condition.

Answer 77

Infinte Loop