Exam 2- Ventilation and Perfusion Flashcards
low flow O2
nasal cannula
high flow
- venturi mask
- non- rebreather mask
- bag-valve mask
perfusion
hearts ability to pump oxygenated blood to the tissue and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
diffusion
movement of oxygen from one area to another by concentration grades
What nerves stimulate diaphragm?
phrenic nerves (around C2 or C4 in spine)
What loses the elastic recoil and increase the work of breathing?
COPD
What is the collapse of the alveoli preventing the exchange of O2 and CO2?
atelectasis
surfactant
the chemical produced in the lungs to maintain surface tension of alveoli and keep them from collapsing
-also keeps it opening and closing
tidal volume
amount of air exhaled after normal inspiration
residual volume
amount of air left in alveoli after full expiration
forced vital capacity
amount of air that can be removed from the lung with a forced expiration
primary function of pulmonary circulation
move blood to and from the capillary membrane of the alveoli for gas exchange
blood flow depends on pumping ability of what?
right ventricle
3 things that influence the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen are
- the amount of dissolved oxygen in the plasma
- the amount of hemoglobin
- the tendency of hemoglobin to bind with O2
hemoglobin buffers the hydrogen…
HCO3 is diffused into the plasma
nasal cannula
- can initiate 2L/min of O2 on here but have to get an order to increase or take off
- LOW FLOW OF O2
aerosol mask
can only take up 35% O2
- LOW FLOW O2
(if above 35% –> high flow)
- means humidified O2
venturi mask
preferred mask because you can dial in the amount you need
- HIGH FLOW O2 system
- humidifier not needed
nonrebreather mask
- mask with bag (the bag must be inflated because its containing CO2
- 15L
- can deliver 80-100% O2
incentive spirometer
- enclosed and has a bulb that rises when you breathe, it rises when you breathe in
- 1500 L (but in sick people only have 2–500L)
- teach them to do 10 breathes/hr
right ventricle pumps ____ blood through _____
- deoxygenated
- pulmonary circulation
left ventricle pumps ____ blood through _____
- oxygenated
- systemic circulation
cardiac output
the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle each minute
preload is the stretch of ______ when filling with blood
- left ventricles
afterload is _______to ________
- resistance
- left ventricular ejection
When does dysrhythmias occur?
when there is deviation from the primary conduction
left side of heart affects what?
lungs
right side of heart affects?
peripheral
- 1st in liver –> stomach –> down to feet with swelling and edema
angina pectoris
a transient imbalance btw myocardial oxygen supply and demand
myocardial ischemia
not getting oxygenated blood into the myocardium
