Exam 2- Ventilation and Perfusion

Question 1

low flow O2

Answer 1

nasal cannula

Question 2

high flow

Answer 2

• venturi mask
• non- rebreather mask
• bag-valve mask

Question 3

perfusion

Answer 3

hearts ability to pump oxygenated blood to the tissue and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 4

diffusion

Answer 4

movement of oxygen from one area to another by concentration grades

Question 5

What nerves stimulate diaphragm?

Answer 5

phrenic nerves (around C2 or C4 in spine)

Question 6

What loses the elastic recoil and increase the work of breathing?

Answer 6

COPD

Question 7

What is the collapse of the alveoli preventing the exchange of O2 and CO2?

Answer 7

atelectasis

Question 8

surfactant

Answer 8

the chemical produced in the lungs to maintain surface tension of alveoli and keep them from collapsing
-also keeps it opening and closing

Question 9

tidal volume

Answer 9

amount of air exhaled after normal inspiration

Question 10

residual volume

Answer 10

amount of air left in alveoli after full expiration

Question 11

forced vital capacity

Answer 11

amount of air that can be removed from the lung with a forced expiration

Question 12

primary function of pulmonary circulation

Answer 12

move blood to and from the capillary membrane of the alveoli for gas exchange

Question 13

blood flow depends on pumping ability of what?

Answer 13

right ventricle

Question 14

3 things that influence the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen are

Answer 14

1. the amount of dissolved oxygen in the plasma
2. the amount of hemoglobin
3. the tendency of hemoglobin to bind with O2

Question 15

hemoglobin buffers the hydrogen…

Answer 15

HCO3 is diffused into the plasma

Question 16

nasal cannula

Answer 16

• can initiate 2L/min of O2 on here but have to get an order to increase or take off
• LOW FLOW OF O2

Question 17

aerosol mask

Answer 17

can only take up 35% O2
- LOW FLOW O2
(if above 35% –> high flow)
- means humidified O2

Question 18

venturi mask

Answer 18

preferred mask because you can dial in the amount you need

• HIGH FLOW O2 system
• humidifier not needed

Question 19

nonrebreather mask

Answer 19

• mask with bag (the bag must be inflated because its containing CO2
• 15L
• can deliver 80-100% O2

Question 20

incentive spirometer

Answer 20

• enclosed and has a bulb that rises when you breathe, it rises when you breathe in
• 1500 L (but in sick people only have 2–500L)
• teach them to do 10 breathes/hr

Question 21

right ventricle pumps ____ blood through _____

Answer 21

• deoxygenated

- pulmonary circulation

Question 22

left ventricle pumps ____ blood through _____

Answer 22

• oxygenated

- systemic circulation

Question 23

cardiac output

Answer 23

the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle each minute

Question 24

preload is the stretch of ______ when filling with blood

Answer 24

• left ventricles

Question 25

afterload is _______to ________

Answer 25

• resistance

- left ventricular ejection

Question 26

When does dysrhythmias occur?

Answer 26

when there is deviation from the primary conduction

Question 27

left side of heart affects what?

Answer 27

lungs

Question 28

right side of heart affects?

Answer 28

peripheral

- 1st in liver –> stomach –> down to feet with swelling and edema

Question 29

angina pectoris

Answer 29

a transient imbalance btw myocardial oxygen supply and demand

Question 30

myocardial ischemia

Answer 30

not getting oxygenated blood into the myocardium