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Communications 218 RCC Markov > Exam 2 Units 6-8 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Units 6-8 Flashcards

1
Q

Define commitment

A

expectations of a shared future

personal relationships stem from passion, but endure with commitment

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2
Q

What are relational dialectics?

A

Opposing and continuous tensions that are normal in all close relationships

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3
Q

What are turning points in a relationship?

A

move a relationship toward/away from intimacy or change

ex: moving in together, meeting the parents

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4
Q

Define the second shift

A
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5
Q

What is autonomy vs connection

A

Relational dialectic

the desire to be both separate and connected

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6
Q

What is novelty vs predictability

A

the desire for both familiar routine and novelty

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7
Q

What is openness vs closedness

A

the desire for both openness and privacy

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8
Q

What is filtering theory?

A

proposes that we use a series of increasingly nuanced filters to determine who we want to become close to

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9
Q

What is equity theory?

A
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of a personal relationship?

A

Unique - personal relationships are not replaceable
Commitment - expectations of a shared future, commitment grows out of investment in a relationship
Relationship rules - all relationships are guided by constitutive and regulative rules
Affected by contexts - they are not isolated from the social world
Affected by relational dialectics

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11
Q

What are strategies for managing relational dialectics?

A

Disorientation - we just don’t do anything
Separation - focuses solely on addressing one dialectical tension
Segmentation - involves assigning each dialectical tension to a certain context
Neutralization - attempts to strike a compromise between competing tensions
reframing - transforming the dialectic so tensions are no longer in opposition

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12
Q

What are the two greatest influences on initial attraction?

A

proximity and similarity

people will seek out relationships with similar others - homophily

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13
Q

What are two challenges facing people in long distance relationships?

A

The lack of daily communication about small events and issues
unrealistic expectations about interactions when partners are together

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14
Q

What are the three main stages of Knapps relational model?

A

Escalation - developing a relationship
Navigation - maintaining a relationship
Deterioration - relationships coming apart

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15
Q

Define emotional intelligence

A

the ability to understand and manage one’s own emotions, and be sensitive to others feelings

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16
Q

Define reappraisal

A

involves rethinking the meaning of events to alter their emotional impact

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17
Q

Define Alexithymia

A

difficulty discussing emotions

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18
Q

What is online disinhibition of self?

A

Anonymity with an audience

i.e. youtube comments

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19
Q

Define emotional contagion

A

describes our ability to “catch” emotions from other people

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20
Q

Define rumination

A

involves fixating on negative thoughts/emotions

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21
Q

What is the rational-emotive approach

A

involves changing feelings by unproductive interpretations

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22
Q

What is emotional agility?

A

savor positive emotional experiences
regard challenging situations as growth opportunities
focus on gains, not losses
choose compassion over contempts

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23
Q

What are psychological indicators vs verbal/nonverbal indicators of emotions?

A

psychological - increased heartbeats, rise in BP, increased adrenaline, elevated blood sugar, slower digestion
nonverbal - enger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, surprise

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24
Q

What are facilitative vs debilitative emotions?

A

facilitative - contribute to effective functioning

debilitative - hinder or prevent effective performance

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25
What factors impact whether an emotion is facilitative or debilitative?
duration - how long we spend thinking about an emotion | intensity - stronger emotions are more likely to be debilitative
26
Define communication climate
the social and emotional tone of a relationship
27
What is interpersonal confirmation?
central to the development of a healthy communication climate Recognition - the most basic form of confirmation, can be verbal or nonverbal Acknowledgment - involves attending to what a person thinks, feels, or says Endorsement - the highest form of confirmation, accepting a persons thoughts or feelings as valid
28
What are disconfirming messages?
recognition - lack thereof acknowledgment - when we fail to acknowledge the feelings or thoughts of others, or minimize their importance endorsement - when we reject what others are thinking or feeling as invalid
29
What are face-threatening acts
***
30
What is invitational communication?
openly shares your perspective and invites others to do the same
31
What are some techniques to minimize defensiveness?
certainty - treats our own position as the only correct one | provisionalism - communication expresses our openness to others ideas and opinions
32
What are types of communication that contribute to a supportive communication climate?
``` evaluation vs description control-orientation vs problem-orientation strategy vs spontaneity neutrality vs empathy superiority vs empathy certainty vs provisionalism ***review notes ```
33
What is avoidance conflict management?
lose lose | ignore or stay away from conflict
34
What is accommodation conflict management?
lose win allow others to get what they want rather than asserting our own POV Culture impacts how this is perceived
35
What is competition conflict management?
win lose achieving your goal comes at the expense of others more prevalent in individualistic cultures
36
What is compromise conflict management?
negotiated lose lose | both parties are required to make sacrifices, but both parties are not fully satisfied
37
What is collaboration conflict management?
win win | find a solution that fully satisfies both parties
38
What are the five types of power?
reward - the benefits we offer them coercive - punish for lack of compliance legitimate - made real by position occupied expert - you have knowledge they want referent - obedience based on force of character
39
What is gunny sacking?
involves storing up minor grievances until you explode
40
What are the four horsemen?
``` The four most destructive forces in relationships according to John Gottman Criticism Defensiveness Stonewalling Contempt - the most destructive **watch video ```
41
What are the three I's of conflict?
incompatible - mutually exclusive outcomes interdependence - what i do affects my SO interaction
42
What are the five phases of conflict?
latent -when the conditions are present for conflict to occur perceived - we are becoming aware that something is wrong felt - thinking about the conflict, explanations, and solutions manifest - conflict is verbalized, expression of conflict aftermath - consequences of conflict
43
What are the two major dimensions of the conflict styles diagram?
Degree of cooperativeness | Degree of assertiveness
44
Define relational maintenance
communication that keeps relationships running smoothly and satisfactorily openness, positivity, assurances, social networking, task sharing
45
What are the love languages?
``` words of affirmation quality time gifts acts of service physical touch ```
46
Describe negative vs positive feedback
negative feedback maintains stability in a system | positive feedback promotes change in a system
47
What is holism?
System property | a system is more than the sum of its parts
48
What is equifinality?
System property | theres more than just a one way path to success
49
What is entropy?
System property | Without new input, a system will die
50
Define social support
includes behaviors that "communicate to an individual that s/he is valued and cared for by others"
51
What are the components of systems?
systems are hierarchical interdependent permeable
52
What is conformity vs conversation orientation in family communication patterns?
conformity - high conformity orientation stresses homogeneity of attitudes, beliefs, and values conversation - high conversation orientation emphasizes free and frequent communication about a variety of topics
53
What is the buffering hypothesis?
Social support is most important when we encounter stressful experiences because knowing others are there for us can act as a "buffer" against feeling overwhelmed
54
What does a systems metaphor suggest about families?
***
55
What are the four different types of social support? What are the three types of over support?
action-facilitating support - instrumental and informational support, performing tasks or providing info to increase understanding nurturing - esteem or emotional support - making the other person feel valued or important, making an effort to acknowledge and understand what another person is feeling over support - over helping (too much instrumental), over informing (too much informational), emotional contagion (too much emotional)
56
What are the three types of love in Sternbergs triangular theory? What is the most complete type of love?
Intimacy, commitment, passion | Consummate love is the most complete type of love
57
What are the four types of family communication patterns?
consensual, protective, pluralistic, laissez-faire | ***see diagram
58
Define culture
a system of ideas, values, beliefs, customs, and language that is passed from one generation to the next and reflects and sustains a particular way of life
59
Define high vs low context culture
where meaning is located in an interaction low - language expresses thoughts, feelings, and ideas as directly as possible high - communication relies heavily on subtle, often nonverbal, cues to maintain social harmony
60
What are the individualistic vs collective dimensions fo culture?
individualistic - emphasizes personal goals over group goals - values competition, self-reliance collective - emphasizes group goals over personal goals
61
What is the difference between high and low power distance in cultural dimensions?
low power distance - societies minimize the distinction between classes high power distance - values obeying authority and those in power
62
What is the high vs low uncertainty avoidance?
high - need clear rules and regulations | low - less threatened by new or unexpected things
63
What are the masculine vs feminine dimensions of culture?
masculine - aggressiveness, competitiveness, dominating others feminine - taking care of others, living in harmony
64
What is long term vs short term orientation in dimensions of culture?
to what extent do people focus on history/the future (long term) vs the present (short term)
65
What is the communication accommodation theory?
our perception of another person being similar to or different from affects our interaction with them convergence - adjusting speech to sound more similar to your conversation partner divergence - adjusting speech to sound more different from your conversational partner
66
What is person-centered communication?
person-centeredness can help us interact with members of other cultures without resorting to cultural stereotypes opposite of totalizing
67
Define ethnocentrism
the tendency to regard our way of life as normal and superior
68
What is cultural relativism?
recognizes that cultures vary in how they think and behave, as well as in what they believe and value
69
What is the relationship between culture and communication?
They are mutually influencing

Communications 218 RCC Markov (2 decks)

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