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Communications 218 RCC Markov > Exam 2 Units 6-8 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Units 6-8 Flashcards

1
Q

Define commitment

A

expectations of a shared future

personal relationships stem from passion, but endure with commitment

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2
Q

What are relational dialectics?

A

Opposing and continuous tensions that are normal in all close relationships

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3
Q

What are turning points in a relationship?

A

move a relationship toward/away from intimacy or change

ex: moving in together, meeting the parents

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4
Q

Define the second shift

A
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5
Q

What is autonomy vs connection

A

Relational dialectic

the desire to be both separate and connected

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6
Q

What is novelty vs predictability

A

the desire for both familiar routine and novelty

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7
Q

What is openness vs closedness

A

the desire for both openness and privacy

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8
Q

What is filtering theory?

A

proposes that we use a series of increasingly nuanced filters to determine who we want to become close to

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9
Q

What is equity theory?

A
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of a personal relationship?

A

Unique - personal relationships are not replaceable
Commitment - expectations of a shared future, commitment grows out of investment in a relationship
Relationship rules - all relationships are guided by constitutive and regulative rules
Affected by contexts - they are not isolated from the social world
Affected by relational dialectics

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11
Q

What are strategies for managing relational dialectics?

A

Disorientation - we just don’t do anything
Separation - focuses solely on addressing one dialectical tension
Segmentation - involves assigning each dialectical tension to a certain context
Neutralization - attempts to strike a compromise between competing tensions
reframing - transforming the dialectic so tensions are no longer in opposition

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12
Q

What are the two greatest influences on initial attraction?

A

proximity and similarity

people will seek out relationships with similar others - homophily

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13
Q

What are two challenges facing people in long distance relationships?

A

The lack of daily communication about small events and issues
unrealistic expectations about interactions when partners are together

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14
Q

What are the three main stages of Knapps relational model?

A

Escalation - developing a relationship
Navigation - maintaining a relationship
Deterioration - relationships coming apart

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15
Q

Define emotional intelligence

A

the ability to understand and manage one’s own emotions, and be sensitive to others feelings

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16
Q

Define reappraisal

A

involves rethinking the meaning of events to alter their emotional impact

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17
Q

Define Alexithymia

A

difficulty discussing emotions

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18
Q

What is online disinhibition of self?

A

Anonymity with an audience

i.e. youtube comments

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19
Q

Define emotional contagion

A

describes our ability to “catch” emotions from other people

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20
Q

Define rumination

A

involves fixating on negative thoughts/emotions

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21
Q

What is the rational-emotive approach

A

involves changing feelings by unproductive interpretations

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22
Q

What is emotional agility?

A

savor positive emotional experiences
regard challenging situations as growth opportunities
focus on gains, not losses
choose compassion over contempts

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23
Q

What are psychological indicators vs verbal/nonverbal indicators of emotions?

A

psychological - increased heartbeats, rise in BP, increased adrenaline, elevated blood sugar, slower digestion
nonverbal - enger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, surprise

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24
Q

What are facilitative vs debilitative emotions?

A

facilitative - contribute to effective functioning

debilitative - hinder or prevent effective performance

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25
Q

What factors impact whether an emotion is facilitative or debilitative?

A

duration - how long we spend thinking about an emotion

intensity - stronger emotions are more likely to be debilitative

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26
Q

Define communication climate

A

the social and emotional tone of a relationship

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27
Q

What is interpersonal confirmation?

A

central to the development of a healthy communication climate
Recognition - the most basic form of confirmation, can be verbal or nonverbal
Acknowledgment - involves attending to what a person thinks, feels, or says
Endorsement - the highest form of confirmation, accepting a persons thoughts or feelings as valid

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28
Q

What are disconfirming messages?

A

recognition - lack thereof
acknowledgment - when we fail to acknowledge the feelings or thoughts of others, or minimize their importance
endorsement - when we reject what others are thinking or feeling as invalid

29
Q

What are face-threatening acts

A
30
Q

What is invitational communication?

A

openly shares your perspective and invites others to do the same

31
Q

What are some techniques to minimize defensiveness?

A

certainty - treats our own position as the only correct one

provisionalism - communication expresses our openness to others ideas and opinions

32
Q

What are types of communication that contribute to a supportive communication climate?

A 
evaluation vs description 
control-orientation vs problem-orientation
strategy vs spontaneity
neutrality vs empathy
superiority vs empathy
certainty vs provisionalism 
***review notes
33
Q

What is avoidance conflict management?

A

lose lose

ignore or stay away from conflict

34
Q

What is accommodation conflict management?

A

lose win
allow others to get what they want rather than asserting our own POV
Culture impacts how this is perceived

35
Q

What is competition conflict management?

A

win lose
achieving your goal comes at the expense of others
more prevalent in individualistic cultures

36
Q

What is compromise conflict management?

A

negotiated lose lose

both parties are required to make sacrifices, but both parties are not fully satisfied

37
Q

What is collaboration conflict management?

A

win win

find a solution that fully satisfies both parties

38
Q

What are the five types of power?

A

reward - the benefits we offer them
coercive - punish for lack of compliance
legitimate - made real by position occupied
expert - you have knowledge they want
referent - obedience based on force of character

39
Q

What is gunny sacking?

A

involves storing up minor grievances until you explode

40
Q

What are the four horsemen?

A 
The four most destructive forces in relationships according to John Gottman
Criticism
Defensiveness
Stonewalling
Contempt - the most destructive
**watch video
41
Q

What are the three I’s of conflict?

A

incompatible - mutually exclusive outcomes
interdependence - what i do affects my SO
interaction

42
Q

What are the five phases of conflict?

A

latent -when the conditions are present for conflict to occur
perceived - we are becoming aware that something is wrong
felt - thinking about the conflict, explanations, and solutions
manifest - conflict is verbalized, expression of conflict
aftermath - consequences of conflict

43
Q

What are the two major dimensions of the conflict styles diagram?

A

Degree of cooperativeness

Degree of assertiveness

44
Q

Define relational maintenance

A

communication that keeps relationships running smoothly and satisfactorily
openness, positivity, assurances, social networking, task sharing

45
Q

What are the love languages?

A 
words of affirmation
quality time
gifts
acts of service
physical touch
46
Q

Describe negative vs positive feedback

A

negative feedback maintains stability in a system

positive feedback promotes change in a system

47
Q

What is holism?

A

System property

a system is more than the sum of its parts

48
Q

What is equifinality?

A

System property

theres more than just a one way path to success

49
Q

What is entropy?

A

System property

Without new input, a system will die

50
Q

Define social support

A

includes behaviors that “communicate to an individual that s/he is valued and cared for by others”

51
Q

What are the components of systems?

A

systems are hierarchical
interdependent
permeable

52
Q

What is conformity vs conversation orientation in family communication patterns?

A

conformity - high conformity orientation stresses homogeneity of attitudes, beliefs, and values
conversation - high conversation orientation emphasizes free and frequent communication about a variety of topics

53
Q

What is the buffering hypothesis?

A

Social support is most important when we encounter stressful experiences because knowing others are there for us can act as a “buffer” against feeling overwhelmed

54
Q

What does a systems metaphor suggest about families?

A
55
Q

What are the four different types of social support? What are the three types of over support?

A

action-facilitating support - instrumental and informational support, performing tasks or providing info to increase understanding
nurturing - esteem or emotional support - making the other person feel valued or important, making an effort to acknowledge and understand what another person is feeling
over support - over helping (too much instrumental), over informing (too much informational), emotional contagion (too much emotional)

56
Q

What are the three types of love in Sternbergs triangular theory?
What is the most complete type of love?

A

Intimacy, commitment, passion

Consummate love is the most complete type of love

57
Q

What are the four types of family communication patterns?

A

consensual, protective, pluralistic, laissez-faire

***see diagram

58
Q

Define culture

A

a system of ideas, values, beliefs, customs, and language that is passed from one generation to the next and reflects and sustains a particular way of life

59
Q

Define high vs low context culture

A

where meaning is located in an interaction
low - language expresses thoughts, feelings, and ideas as directly as possible
high - communication relies heavily on subtle, often nonverbal, cues to maintain social harmony

60
Q

What are the individualistic vs collective dimensions fo culture?

A

individualistic - emphasizes personal goals over group goals - values competition, self-reliance
collective - emphasizes group goals over personal goals

61
Q

What is the difference between high and low power distance in cultural dimensions?

A

low power distance - societies minimize the distinction between classes
high power distance - values obeying authority and those in power

62
Q

What is the high vs low uncertainty avoidance?

A

high - need clear rules and regulations

low - less threatened by new or unexpected things

63
Q

What are the masculine vs feminine dimensions of culture?

A

masculine - aggressiveness, competitiveness, dominating others
feminine - taking care of others, living in harmony

64
Q

What is long term vs short term orientation in dimensions of culture?

A

to what extent do people focus on history/the future (long term) vs the present (short term)

65
Q

What is the communication accommodation theory?

A

our perception of another person being similar to or different from affects our interaction with them
convergence - adjusting speech to sound more similar to your conversation partner
divergence - adjusting speech to sound more different from your conversational partner

66
Q

What is person-centered communication?

A

person-centeredness can help us interact with members of other cultures without resorting to cultural stereotypes
opposite of totalizing

67
Q

Define ethnocentrism

A

the tendency to regard our way of life as normal and superior

68
Q

What is cultural relativism?

A

recognizes that cultures vary in how they think and behave, as well as in what they believe and value

69
Q

What is the relationship between culture and communication?

A

They are mutually influencing

Communications 218 RCC Markov (2 decks)

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