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PNS > exam 2 UNIT 5 > Flashcards

exam 2 UNIT 5 Flashcards

1
Q

how many cervical pairs of spinal nerves?

A

8 PAIRS

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2
Q

how many lumbar spinal nerve pairs?

A

5 pairs

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3
Q

how many thoracic spinal nerve pairs?

A

12 Pairs

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4
Q

how many spinal nerves?

A

62

31 pairs

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5
Q

how many sacral nerve pairs?

A

5 pairs

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6
Q

how many coccygeal nerve pairs?

A

1 pair

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7
Q

what are the characteristics of the anterior root?

A
  • carry efferent axons from cell bodies in the anterior or lateral horns
  • attached to spinal cord by a series of rootlets
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8
Q

what are the characteristics of the posterior root?

A
  • carry axons from cell bodies in posterior root (dorsal root gaglion)
  • root separates into a number of rootlets that attach to cord at posterolateral sulcus
  • spinal ganglia
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9
Q

where are spinal ganglia typically located?

A

either inside or just medial to the intervertebral foramen, beyond the dura mater

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10
Q

what are the three spinal ganglia location exceptions?

A
  • C1 and C2 ganglia located on their respective vertebral arches
  • sacral ganglia located within the vertebral canal
  • coccygeal located inside dura mater
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11
Q

shortly after the anterior and posterior roots combine into a mixed nerve, what is given off?

A

a meningeal (recurrent meningeal, sinuvertebral) branch

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12
Q

after a meningeal (recurrent meningeal, sinuvertebral) branch re-enters the vertebral canal through the IVF, what does it do?

A

divides into ascending, descending, and transverse branches

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13
Q

a meningeal branch also provides somatosensory and sympathetic supply to what?

A

dura, blood vessels, periosteum, ligaments and intervertebral disc, in the anteior and lateral portions of the canal

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14
Q

at what levels are meningeal branches present and how do they re-enter the vertebral canal?

A

present at all cord levels and re-enters through the IVF after branching off of a mixed nerve

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15
Q

the mixed spinal nerve divides into what two rami?

A

posterior primary rami

anterior primary rami

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16
Q

what are the characteristics of the posterior primay ramus?

A
  • splits into lateral and medial branches
  • smaller than anterior ramus
  • motor innervation to the deep back muscles
  • sensory innervation to the skin on either side of the spine
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17
Q

the posterior ramus splits into lateral and medial branches except for what cord level exception?

A

C1 does not split

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18
Q

the posterior ramus is smaller than anterior ramus except for what exceptions?

A

C1
S4
S5

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19
Q

what are the characteristics of the anterior primary ramus?

A
  • motor innervation to anterior and lateral trunk muscles
  • motor innervation to skeletal muscle in the xtremities
  • sensory innervation to the skin on either side of the spine
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20
Q

which ramus division contributes to the great plexuses?

A

the anterior rami

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21
Q

which ramus division is motor innervation to the deep back muscles?

A

posterior rami. only muscles it innervates

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22
Q

where is the sympathetic chain located?

A

either at or just medial to the bifurcation of the mixed spinal nerve

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23
Q

which division of the sympathetic chain carries myelinated axons?

A

white ramus communicans

24
Q

white rami communicans are associated with what cord level nerves?

A

T1-L2

25
Q

white ramus communicans carries myelinated axons from cell bodies located where?

A

located in the lateral horn cells at cord levels T1-L2

26
Q

preganglionic sympathetic fibers associated with white ramus enter the sympathetic chain and do what two things?

A

synapse at their entrance level

pass through to splanchnic nerve

27
Q

which division of the sympathetic chain carries unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic axons?

A

gray rami communicans

28
Q

which division of the sympathetic chain is associated with all cord levels?

A

gray rami communicans

29
Q

what type of axons are carried by the gray rami communicans, connecting the cell bodies of the sympathetic chain to the spinal nerve?

A

unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic axons from the cell bodies in the sympathetic chain to the spinal nerve

30
Q

the cervical posterior rami of C1 is known as?

A

suboccipital nerve

31
Q

what muscles are innervated by the posterior rami of C1?

A

1) rectus capitis posterior major and minor
2) obliquus capitis superior and inferior
3) semispinalis capitis

32
Q

the posterior medial branch of C2 is known as?

A

greater occipital nerve

33
Q

what does the (Greater occipital nerve) C2 medial posterior branch innervate?

A

sensory innervation to the posterior neck and scalp

34
Q

what does the lateral branch of C2 innervate?

A

motor supply to the semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis and splenius capitis muscle

35
Q

what is the posterior medial branch of C3 known as?

A

third (least) occipital nerve

36
Q

what does the (third (Least) occipital nerve) posterior medial branch of C3 innervate?

A

sensory supply from the skin of the posterior neck

37
Q

what does the posterior lateral branch of C3 innervate?

A

(motor supply same as C2)

semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis and splenius capitis muscle

38
Q

what do the posterior medial branches of C4-C8 innervate?

A

sensory supply from the skin of the posterior neck

39
Q

what do the posterior lateral branches of C4-C8 innervate?

A

motor supply to iliocostalis cervcis, longissimus cervicis and capitis

40
Q

what forms the cevical plexus?

A

formed by anterior (primary) rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves

41
Q

what do the nerve roots of the cervical plexus form?

A

a series of communicating loops

42
Q

the cervical plexes and the inferior vagal ganglion communicate with the?

A

loop formed by C1 and C2

43
Q

the cervical plexus communicates with the accessory nerve thorugh what?

A

loops formed by C2 and C3 and with C3 and C4

44
Q

what type of information do fibers of the accessory nerve that communicates with the cervical plexus carry?

A

proprioceptive information

45
Q

what spinal nerve does the sternocleidomastoid communicate with through the cervical plexus?

A

C2

46
Q

what spinal nerves does the trapezius communicate with through the cervical plexus?

A

C3 and C4

47
Q

usually gray rami communicans carry what type of information in postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the loop between C1 and C2 and Roots of C3 and C4

A

vasomotor
sudomotor
pilomotor

48
Q

what type of fibers carry vasomotor, sudomotor, pilomotor information to the loop of C1 and C2 and Roots of C3 and C4?`

A

three gray rami communicans carry postganglionic sympathetic fibers

49
Q

what are the superficial branche sof the cervical plexus?

A

lesser occipital nerve
great auricular nerve
transverce cutaneous
medial, intermediate, lateral supraclavicular nerves

50
Q

the lesser occipital nerve carries fibers from C2 and occasionally C3 to supply?

A

skin on the superior 1/3 of the auricle as well as the skin behind the ear

51
Q

what other nerves does the lesser occipital nerve communicate with?

A

greater occipital nerve

great auricular nerve

52
Q

the lesser occipital nerve may be implicated in cases of?

A

cervicogenic headache

53
Q

the great auricular nerve carries fibers from which spinal nerves?

A

C2 and C3

54
Q

as the great auricular nerve enters the parotid gland what does it do?

A

divides into anterior and posterior branches

55
Q

the anterior branch of the great auricular branch combines with the facial nerve to supply what?

A

skin over the parotid gland

56
Q

what does the posterior branch of the great auricular branch supply?

A

supplies the skin over the mastoid process

PNS (6 decks)

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