Exam 2 - Thyroid

Question 1

Medical emergency involving multiple organs stemming from too much thyroxine in the system

Answer 1

thyroid storm

Question 2

trigger for thyroid storm

Answer 2

diabetic ketacidosis

Question 3

thyroid storm symptoms

Answer 3

irritable, high bp, nausea vomiting or diarrhea, shock or delirium, feeling confused, breathing problems, coma/heart failure/death

Question 4

autoimmune disorder, involving hyperthyroidism, affects individuals between ages 30-50

Answer 4

GRAVE’S disease

Question 5

how grave’s disease works

Answer 5

the immune system makes antibodies that act like TSH stimulating overproduction of TSH

Question 6

graves disease stats

Answer 6

woman are 10x more likely, starts at age 20-30s, family members with autoimmune disease

Question 7

main factors in graves disease

Answer 7

emotional or tauma stress, pregnancy

Question 8

main factors in graves disease

Answer 8

emotional or tauma stress, pregnancy

Question 9

autoimmune diseases associated with graves disease

Answer 9

rheumatoid arthritis, joints of the body

Question 10

congenital hypothyroidism

Answer 10

cretinism

Question 11

symptoms of cretinism

Answer 11

large anterior fontanelle, choking episodes, protruding tongue and abdomen

Question 12

cretinism in a child is due to a deficiency in this

Answer 12

iodine

Question 13

severe hypothyroidism and skin problems

Answer 13

myxedema

Question 14

myxedema causes this

Answer 14

pretibial swelling, puffy face

Question 15

myxedema causes this

Answer 15

pretibial swelling, puffy face

Question 16

pituitary gland produces TSH to stimulate the production of these

Answer 16

T3 and T4

Question 17

antibody concentration raised in blood can include these diseases

Answer 17

hashimotos and graves

Question 18

goiter or enlarged thyroid can indicate this

Answer 18

decrease of iodine, too much thyroid production, too little thyroid production

Question 19

cretinism is hypothyroidism that occurs during this time

Answer 19

prior to birth/ or first 2 years

Question 20

myxedema is hypothryodism that occurs during this period

Answer 20

can be after the first two years

Question 21

myxedema is hypothryodism that occurs during this period

Answer 21

can be after the first two years

Question 22

thyroid controls this

Answer 22

BMR

Question 23

what does the thyroid control in children

Answer 23

growth and intellect

Question 24

thyroid hormones are amines derived from this

Answer 24

tyrosine

Question 25

role of sodium-iodide symporter (involved in first stage)

Answer 25

transports one iodide with two sodium ions

Question 26

process of concentrating the iodide

Answer 26

iodide trapping, influenced by TSH from the adenohypophysis

Question 27

enzyme that promotes oxidization of iodine

Answer 27

peroxidase and it's accompanying hydrogen peroxide

Question 28

major hormonal products of coupling reaction with idodine

Answer 28

thyroxine (T4) triiodothyronine T3

Question 29

iodine binds with this to being oxidization

Answer 29

thyroglobulin

Question 30

thyroxine and triiodothyronine are cleaved from this after iodine binds to it after being stimulated by TSH

Answer 30

thyroglobulin

Question 31

these cells enlarge and send out pseudobods that close around colloid to form pinocytic vesicles

Answer 31

follicle

Question 32

only endocrine gland that stores large amounts of hormones

Answer 32

thyroid

Question 33

93 percent of thyroid hormone released

Answer 33

T4, T3 = 3%

Question 34

93 percent of thyroid hormone released

Answer 34

T4, T3 = 3%

Question 35

how does the thyroid stimulate linear growth in children

Answer 35

stimulates osteoblast cell activity

Question 36

primary means of thyroid gland in adults and children

Answer 36

most powerful to increase metabolism, increase energy

Question 37

primary means of thyroid gland in adults and children

Answer 37

most powerful to increase metabolism, increase energy

Question 38

secondary means of thyroid glands in adults and children

Answer 38

stimulates the neuromuscular system

Question 39

transmission of thyroid gland through the four means

Answer 39

increase cell permeability to sodium and potassium, increase the synthesis of neutotransmitters, increase the number of receptors for neurotransmitters, decrease the enzymes that catabolize neurotransmitters

Question 40

thyroid glands effect on the muscular system

Answer 40

development and stimulate enzymes of protein anabolism

Question 41

role of thyroid gland in muscular activity

Answer 41

release calcium along T-tubules of smooth and skeletal muscle and stimulate myosin heavy chain alpha and inhibit myosin heavy chain beta = cardiac muscle (contractile velocity of cardiac muscle)

Question 42

how the thyroid gland stimulates the cardiovascular system

Answer 42

increases HR through the 4 neurological means

Question 43

how the thyroid gland stimulates the cardiovascular system

Answer 43

increases HR and stroke volume through the 4 neurological means

Question 44

how the thyroid gland stimulates the respiratory system

Answer 44

four neurological means, stimulates the enzymes of catabolism (release c02) release of Ca along T-tubules

Question 45

how the thyroid gland increases blood glucose

Answer 45

stimulate enzyme of CHO catabolism, increase glucagon secretion, increase cortisol secretion, EXCESS STIMULATE ENZYMES OF PROTEIN CATABOLISM

Question 46

how the thyroid gland increases blood glucose

Answer 46

stimulate enzyme of CHO catabolism, increase glucagon secretion, increase cortisol secretion, EXCESS STIMULATE ENZYMES OF PROTEIN CATABOLISM

Question 47

thyroid gland stimulates endocrine glands through these means

Answer 47

stimulates the adrenal glands by increasing secretion of cortisol and enzymes that catabolize cortisol

Question 48

thyroid gland increases the immune response by doing this

Answer 48

increasing B and T lymphocytes

Question 49

thyroid gland stimulates the reproductive system through these means

Answer 49

production of sex hormones