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Endocrinology > Exam 2 - Thyroid > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

Medical emergency involving multiple organs stemming from too much thyroxine in the system

A

thyroid storm

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2
Q

trigger for thyroid storm

A

diabetic ketacidosis

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3
Q

thyroid storm symptoms

A

irritable, high bp, nausea vomiting or diarrhea, shock or delirium, feeling confused, breathing problems, coma/heart failure/death

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4
Q

autoimmune disorder, involving hyperthyroidism, affects individuals between ages 30-50

A

GRAVE’S disease

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5
Q

how grave’s disease works

A

the immune system makes antibodies that act like TSH stimulating overproduction of TSH

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6
Q

graves disease stats

A

woman are 10x more likely, starts at age 20-30s, family members with autoimmune disease

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7
Q

main factors in graves disease

A

emotional or tauma stress, pregnancy

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8
Q

main factors in graves disease

A

emotional or tauma stress, pregnancy

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9
Q

autoimmune diseases associated with graves disease

A

rheumatoid arthritis, joints of the body

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10
Q

congenital hypothyroidism

A

cretinism

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11
Q

symptoms of cretinism

A

large anterior fontanelle, choking episodes, protruding tongue and abdomen

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12
Q

cretinism in a child is due to a deficiency in this

A

iodine

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13
Q

severe hypothyroidism and skin problems

A

myxedema

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14
Q

myxedema causes this

A

pretibial swelling, puffy face

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15
Q

myxedema causes this

A

pretibial swelling, puffy face

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16
Q

pituitary gland produces TSH to stimulate the production of these

A

T3 and T4

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17
Q

antibody concentration raised in blood can include these diseases

A

hashimotos and graves

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18
Q

goiter or enlarged thyroid can indicate this

A

decrease of iodine, too much thyroid production, too little thyroid production

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19
Q

cretinism is hypothyroidism that occurs during this time

A

prior to birth/ or first 2 years

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20
Q

myxedema is hypothryodism that occurs during this period

A

can be after the first two years

21
Q

myxedema is hypothryodism that occurs during this period

A

can be after the first two years

22
Q

thyroid controls this

A

BMR

23
Q

what does the thyroid control in children

A

growth and intellect

24
Q

thyroid hormones are amines derived from this

A

tyrosine

25
Q

role of sodium-iodide symporter (involved in first stage)

A

transports one iodide with two sodium ions

26
Q

process of concentrating the iodide

A

iodide trapping, influenced by TSH from the adenohypophysis

27
Q

enzyme that promotes oxidization of iodine

A

peroxidase and it’s accompanying hydrogen peroxide

28
Q

major hormonal products of coupling reaction with idodine

A

thyroxine (T4) triiodothyronine T3

29
Q

iodine binds with this to being oxidization

A

thyroglobulin

30
Q

thyroxine and triiodothyronine are cleaved from this after iodine binds to it after being stimulated by TSH

A

thyroglobulin

31
Q

these cells enlarge and send out pseudobods that close around colloid to form pinocytic vesicles

A

follicle

32
Q

only endocrine gland that stores large amounts of hormones

A

thyroid

33
Q

93 percent of thyroid hormone released

A

T4, T3 = 3%

34
Q

93 percent of thyroid hormone released

A

T4, T3 = 3%

35
Q

how does the thyroid stimulate linear growth in children

A

stimulates osteoblast cell activity

36
Q

primary means of thyroid gland in adults and children

A

most powerful to increase metabolism, increase energy

37
Q

primary means of thyroid gland in adults and children

A

most powerful to increase metabolism, increase energy

38
Q

secondary means of thyroid glands in adults and children

A

stimulates the neuromuscular system

39
Q

transmission of thyroid gland through the four means

A

increase cell permeability to sodium and potassium, increase the synthesis of neutotransmitters, increase the number of receptors for neurotransmitters, decrease the enzymes that catabolize neurotransmitters

40
Q

thyroid glands effect on the muscular system

A

development and stimulate enzymes of protein anabolism

41
Q

role of thyroid gland in muscular activity

A

release calcium along T-tubules of smooth and skeletal muscle and stimulate myosin heavy chain alpha and inhibit myosin heavy chain beta = cardiac muscle (contractile velocity of cardiac muscle)

42
Q

how the thyroid gland stimulates the cardiovascular system

A

increases HR through the 4 neurological means

43
Q

how the thyroid gland stimulates the cardiovascular system

A

increases HR and stroke volume through the 4 neurological means

44
Q

how the thyroid gland stimulates the respiratory system

A

four neurological means, stimulates the enzymes of catabolism (release c02) release of Ca along T-tubules

45
Q

how the thyroid gland increases blood glucose

A

stimulate enzyme of CHO catabolism, increase glucagon secretion, increase cortisol secretion, EXCESS STIMULATE ENZYMES OF PROTEIN CATABOLISM

46
Q

how the thyroid gland increases blood glucose

A

stimulate enzyme of CHO catabolism, increase glucagon secretion, increase cortisol secretion, EXCESS STIMULATE ENZYMES OF PROTEIN CATABOLISM

47
Q

thyroid gland stimulates endocrine glands through these means

A

stimulates the adrenal glands by increasing secretion of cortisol and enzymes that catabolize cortisol

48
Q

thyroid gland increases the immune response by doing this

A

increasing B and T lymphocytes

49
Q

thyroid gland stimulates the reproductive system through these means

A

production of sex hormones

Endocrinology (3 decks)

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