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Human Anatomy > Exam 2 theory > Flashcards

Exam 2 theory Flashcards

1
Q

Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are rarely fatal, but ____ unfortunately often are.

A

malignant melanomas

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2
Q

Malignant Melanomas is

A

the most dangerous

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3
Q

___ is the largest system of the body.
-cutaneous membrane
-Accessory structures

A

The integument

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4
Q

Two component of the cutaneous membrane are

A

outer epidermis

Inner dermis

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5
Q

superficial epithelium( epithelial tissue)

A

outer epidermis

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6
Q

Inner dermis

A

connective tissues

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7
Q

Accessory structure are structures that__

A

Extend through the epidermis to the skin surface

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8
Q

Example of accessory structure

A

Hair

Nails

Multicellular exocrine glands

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9
Q

Nervous system

A

sensory receptors for pain, touch, and temperature

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10
Q

Cardiovascular system are ___

A

Blood vessels in the dermis

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11
Q

loose connective tissue
Below the dermis
location of hypodermic injections

A

Hypodermis( superficial fascia or Subcutaneous layer)

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12
Q

Function of the Skin 1

A

Protection of underlying tissues and organs ( innateDefense)

Production of melanin

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13
Q

Function of the Skin( Integumentary system)

A

Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes (glands)
Production of Keratin

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14
Q

Function of the Skin 2

A

Maintenance of body temperature( Insulation and evaporation)
storage of lipids

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15
Q

Function of the Skin( Integumentary system)2

A

Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes (glands).
Synthesis of vitamin D3- Kidney and livers

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16
Q

Detection of touch, pressure, pain and temperature

A

function of the skin

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17
Q

____avascular stratified Squamous epithelium.

A

The Epidermis

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18
Q

Keratinocytes

A

the most abundant cells in the epidermis

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19
Q

Thin skin

A

has four layers

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20
Q

thick skin has has five layers of Keratinocytes ( deep to superficial)

A

Stratum basale- (Deep)

Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum

stratum lucidum

stratum corneum( superficial)

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21
Q

Is attached to basement membrane by hemidesmosomes

Forms a strong bond between epidermis and dermis

Epidermal ridges (basis of fingerprint)

A

Stratum basale- (Deep)

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22
Q

Stratum basale- (Deep)

A

Melanocytes

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23
Q

Contain the pigment melanin

Scattered throughout stratum

A

Melanocytes

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24
Q

Contain the divided, increasing thickness of epithelium

A

Stratum spinosum- the spiny layer

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25
Q

Stratum Granulosum- the grainy layer

A

Stops dividing, starts producing.

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26
Q

A tough fibrous protein

Makes up hair and nails

A

Keratin

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27
Q

Cells of stratum granulosum

A

Produce protein fiber

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28
Q

found only in thick skin
covers stratum granulosum

A

stratum lucidum(clear layer)

29
Q

Exposed surface of skin

Water resistant

Shed and replace every two weeks

A

Stratum corneum- the horn layer

30
Q

Perspiration

A

now fluid is lost

31
Q

Interstitial fluid lost by evaporation through the Stratum corneum is

A

Insensible perspiration

32
Q

water excreted by sweat glands.

Dehydrated results.

A

sensible perspiration

33
Q

From damage to the station corneum (e.g sea water).

From immersion in hypotonic solution (e.g sea water (osmosis)

A

Dehydrated results

34
Q

Function of melanocytes

A

Melanin protects skin from damage.

Ultraviolet( uv) radiation

35
Q

causes DNA mutation and burns that lead to cancer.

A

Ultraviolet( uv) radiation

36
Q

oxygenated red blood contributes to

A

skin color

37
Q

Bluish skin tint caused by severe reduction in blood flow or oxygen.

A

Cyanosis

38
Q

Build up of bile produced by liver

Yellow color

A

Jaundice

39
Q

Epidermal cells produce cholecalcifero

A

Vitamin D3

40
Q

Epidermal cells produce cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)

A

In presence of a UV radiation

41
Q

The liver and kidneys convert Vitamin D3 into ___

A

calcitriol

42
Q

The liver and kidneys convert Vitamin D3 into calcitriol which

A

Aids absorption of calcium and phosphorus.

43
Q

Insufficient Vitamin D3 can cause

A

rickets

44
Q

Located between epidermis and Subcutaneous layer

Anchors epidermal accessory structure

A

The Dermis

45
Q

2 components of the dermis are

A

outer papillary layer

Deep reticular layer

46
Q

consist of areolar tissue- loose connective

contains Smaller capillaries, lymphatic, and sensory neurons

A

The papillary layer

47
Q

consists of dense irregular connective tissue.

contains layer of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerve fibers

A

The reticular Layer

48
Q

contains collagen and elastic fibers

contains connective tissue proper.

A

The reticular Layer

49
Q

Dermal strength and Elasticity consists of two types of fiber.

A

Collagen fiber
Elastic fibers

50
Q

very strong, resist stretching but bend easily

Provide flexibility

A

Collagen fiber

51
Q

Permit stretching and recoil to original length

Limit the flexibility of collagen to prevent damage to tissue

A

Elastic fibers

52
Q

Properties of flexibility and resilience

A

skin turgor

53
Q

Example skin damage-dermis layer

A

sagging and wrinkles (reduce skin elasticity)
stretch marks-happens in dermal level

54
Q

sagging and wrinkles (reduce skin elasticity) are caused by

A

Dehydration
Age
Hormonal changes
UV exposure

55
Q

Thickened tissues resulting from excessive stretching of skin due to :

A

Pregnancy

weight gain

56
Q

A parallel cut remains shut, heals well.

A cut across (right angle) pulls open and scars

A

Cleavage (tension) lines

57
Q

Lies below the integument

Stabilize the skin

made of elastic areolar and adipose

A

The Hypodermis (subcutaneous Layer)

58
Q

Sebaceous gland are

A

holocrine gland

Secrete sebum

59
Q

Two types of sweat glands

A

Apocrine glands
eccrine

60
Q

Apocrine glands are

A

armpit
nipples
groin
(break down causes odor )

61
Q

widely distributed, especially palms and soles

watery Secretion

sensible perspiration

A

Eccrine (eccrine) glands

62
Q

mammary glands

A

Produce milk

63
Q

Produce cerumen (earwax)
Protect the eardrum

A

Ceruminous gland

64
Q

Osteon

A

Look like a tree trunk

65
Q

blood flows through

A

central canal (haversian)

66
Q

Volklann’s canal

A

run sideway

67
Q

Dark spot-lacunae cavity is where

A

cell lives( Osteocytes)

68
Q

__ is located in lacuna

A

osteocytes-bone cell

69
Q

the arrangement around the circumference.

A

concentric

Human Anatomy (12 decks)

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