Exam 2 Terms Flashcards
paganism
a religion that has many gods or goddesses, considers the earth holy, and does not have a central authority
polytheism
belief in many gods
pantheon
all gods, collection of gods
votive
an object offered in fulfillment of a vow to the gods
monotheism
belief in one god
Judaism
oldest monotheistic religion, Jerusalem is holy site
The Torah
1st in five books of the Old Testament, Jewish holy book
altar
a table or flat-topped block used as the focus for a religious ritual, especially for making sacrifices or offerings to a deity.
mystery cults
secret religions requiring initiation
Christianity
the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.
soteriological religion
religion based on doctrines of salvation
Islam
the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.
Abrahamic faiths
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Koros (plural kouroi)
an archaic Greek statue of a young man, standing and often naked. Origin
Kore (plural korai)
an archaic Greek statue of a young woman, standing and clothed in long loose robes.
polychromy
the art of painting in several colors, especially as applied to ancient pottery, sculpture, and architecture
terracotta
unglazed, typically brownish-red earthenware, used chiefly as an ornamental building material and in modeling
divination
the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means.
suovetaurilia
in ancient rome, a sacrifice of a hog, a ram, and a bull
apotheosis
the elevation of someone to divine status; deification.
syncretism
the amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought.
catacomb
an underground cemetery consisting of a subterranean gallery with recesses for tombs
tufa
a porous rock composed of calcium carbonate and formed by precipitation from water
inhumation
To place in a grave; bury.
cremation
to reduce (a dead body) to ashes by fire
orans
a figure in art with extended arms or bodily attitude of prayer, usually standing, with the elbows close to the sides of the body and with the hands outstretched sideways, palms up
bishop
a senior member of the Christian clergy
The Bible
Christian Holy book, Old Testament and New Testament
Madonna
Virgin Mary
The Annunciation
When angel Gabriel informs Mary of her impending pregnancy with Jesus Christ
The Adoration of the Magi
When the 3 wise men visit Jesus bearing gifts
Crucifixion
death on a cross
Resurrection
When Christ came back from the dead and escaped his tomb
Ascension
When Christ rose to heaven
saint
someone made special by authority of church through his or her holiness and martyrdom
martyrdom
act of suffering in the name of faith
icon
religious image used for worship
patron
person who commissioned/paid for artwork
Roman Architectural Revolution
invention of concrete and the widespread use in Roman architecture of the previously little-used architectural forms of the arch, vault, and dome.
peristyle
columns lining outside of temple all around
cella
main room within temple
doric
stocky, heavy, less ornamental style of roman architecture, no column base or volute
ionic
decorative, light, tall style of roman architecture, has column bases and volutes
corinthian
very fancy style of architecture, volutes and leaves
pseudoperipteral
side columns are part of walls, give the illusion of actual columns
post and lintel
like stonehenge, posts are vertical structures that support lintel, or horizontal structure
frieze, metope, capital, column, pediment,

basilica
plain outer structure, impressive ornate inner structure
apse
where mass service is made, *photo*
nave
open center space
clerestory
level of windows above arcade
arcade
row of arches
arch
rounded structural element that helped with weight distribution when building
barrel vault
arch structure extended
cathedral
church with which the bishop is associated
triforium
a gallery or arcade above the arches of the nave, choir, and transepts of a church.
groin vault
produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults.
Renaissance
rebirth of art and classical antiquity
Vitruvius
author of architectural books
facade
outside front of church
Palladian architecture
Of or characteristic of the Renaissance architectural style of Andrea Palladio. Corintian columns, symmetry, pediments
classicizing
when architecture is not from the ancient world, but has elements of ancient architecture
modernism
rejection of classic and traditional architecture, geometric
I.M. Pei
architect of IU art museum, focused on triangular geometry
Abstraction
freedom from representational qualities in art.
Hellenistic
of or relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian in 31 BC
spolia
spoils of war, booty
forum
the marketplace or public square of an ancient Roman city, the center of judicial and business affairs and a place of assembly for the people.
imperial fora
series of monumental fora (public squares), constructed in Rome over a period of one and a half centuries
Venus Genetrix
The Temple of Venus Genetrix is a ruined temple in the Forum of Caesar, Rome, dedicated to the Roman goddess Venus Genetrix, the goddess of motherhood and domesticity.
triumph
parade of victory to show off spoils of war, only time roman soldiers can be out of their armor
Alexander the Great
A ruler of Greece in the fourth century b.c. , conquered most of the ancient world, extending the civilization of Greece east to India. philosopher Aristotle was his tutor.
Trajan
Roman emperor (98-117) whose reign was marked by an extensive building program and compassionate treatment of the poor.
Dacian
pertaining to region that is modern day Romania
Constantine
Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire
Grief based monuments
remembering lost lives, 9/11 memorials
Shame based monuments
remembering shameful events in history, lynching memorial
The National Mall
A long, rectangular stretch of parkland in the middle of Washington, D.C., that extends from the grounds of the Lincoln Memorial to the United States Capitol.
D-day
when U.S. and allies invaded Normandy to oust Nazi occupation in France
cenotaph
a grave-like monument without body, commemorates bodies that couldn’t be retrieved during war