Exam 2 terms Flashcards
What is classical conditioning?
A form of learning in which an animal acquires the expectation that a given stimulus predicts a specific upcoming important event.
Unconditioned stimulus
a cue that has some biological significance and that, in the absence of prior training, naturally evokes a response.
unconditioned response
the naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus.
conditioned stimulus/neutral stimulus
a cue that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and comes to elicit a conditioned response.
Appetitive Conditioning
conditioning in which the US is a desirable event. (such as food delivery)
Aversive conditioning
conditioning in which the US is a disagreeable event (such as a shock or an air puff to the eye)
delay conditioning
a conditioning procedure in which there is no temporal gap between the end of the CS and the beginning of the US and in which the CS co-terminates with the US
trace conditioning
a conditioning procedure in which there is a temporal gap between the end of the CS and the beginning of the US
(animal must maintain memory “trace” of CS to be able to associated with US).
interstimulus intervak (ISI)
the temporal gap between the onset of the CS and the onset of the US
What can unconditioned stimulus be?
things/events that are biologically significant that are inherently pleasurable or disagreeable.
what can a conditioned stimulus be?
it can be just about anything
conditioned taste aversion
a conditioning preparation in which a subject learned to avoid a taste that has been paired with an aversive outcome, usually nausea.
Extinction
in classical conditioning, the process of reducing a learned response to a stimulus by ceasing to pair that stimulus with another, previously associated stimulus.
compound conditioning
conditioning in which two or more cues are present together, usually simultaneously, forming a compund CS
overshadowing
an effect seen in compound conditioning when a more salient cue within a compound acquires more association strength than does the less salient cue is this more strongly associated with the US
conditioned compensatory response
lowering levels of the brain chemicals enhanced by the drug in anticipation of the drug’s arrival
cue exposure therapy
exposing the environmental cues to a person but not providing the drug in order to wean off of it.
blocking
a two-phase training paradigm in which prior conditioning with one cue (CS1 US) blocks later learning of a second cue when the two are paired together in the second phase of the training (CS1 + CS2 US)
Latent inhibition paradigm
a conditioning paradigm in which prior exposure to a CS retards later learning of the CS-US associated during acquisition training.
