Exam 2 terms

Question 1

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 1

A form of learning in which an animal acquires the expectation that a given stimulus predicts a specific upcoming important event.

Question 2

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 2

a cue that has some biological significance and that, in the absence of prior training, naturally evokes a response.

Question 3

unconditioned response

Answer 3

the naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 4

conditioned stimulus/neutral stimulus

Answer 4

a cue that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and comes to elicit a conditioned response.

Question 5

Appetitive Conditioning

Answer 5

conditioning in which the US is a desirable event. (such as food delivery)

Question 6

Aversive conditioning

Answer 6

conditioning in which the US is a disagreeable event (such as a shock or an air puff to the eye)

Question 7

delay conditioning

Answer 7

a conditioning procedure in which there is no temporal gap between the end of the CS and the beginning of the US and in which the CS co-terminates with the US

Question 8

trace conditioning

Answer 8

a conditioning procedure in which there is a temporal gap between the end of the CS and the beginning of the US
(animal must maintain memory “trace” of CS to be able to associated with US).

Question 9

interstimulus intervak (ISI)

Answer 9

the temporal gap between the onset of the CS and the onset of the US

Question 10

What can unconditioned stimulus be?

Answer 10

things/events that are biologically significant that are inherently pleasurable or disagreeable.

Question 11

what can a conditioned stimulus be?

Answer 11

it can be just about anything

Question 12

conditioned taste aversion

Answer 12

a conditioning preparation in which a subject learned to avoid a taste that has been paired with an aversive outcome, usually nausea.

Question 13

Extinction

Answer 13

in classical conditioning, the process of reducing a learned response to a stimulus by ceasing to pair that stimulus with another, previously associated stimulus.

Question 14

compound conditioning

Answer 14

conditioning in which two or more cues are present together, usually simultaneously, forming a compund CS

Question 15

overshadowing

Answer 15

an effect seen in compound conditioning when a more salient cue within a compound acquires more association strength than does the less salient cue is this more strongly associated with the US

Question 16

conditioned compensatory response

Answer 16

lowering levels of the brain chemicals enhanced by the drug in anticipation of the drug’s arrival

Question 17

cue exposure therapy

Answer 17

exposing the environmental cues to a person but not providing the drug in order to wean off of it.

Question 18

blocking

Answer 18

a two-phase training paradigm in which prior conditioning with one cue (CS1 US) blocks later learning of a second cue when the two are paired together in the second phase of the training (CS1 + CS2 US)

Question 19

Latent inhibition paradigm

Answer 19

a conditioning paradigm in which prior exposure to a CS retards later learning of the CS-US associated during acquisition training.