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Psychology 230 > Exam 2 Terminology > Flashcards

Exam 2 Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

theory

A

set of ideas that helps to explain a phenomena

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2
Q

Id

A

major portion of personality; unconscious, aggressive part/impulses
-present at birth

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3
Q

pleasure principle

A

I want it now!

-demand for immediate impulses

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4
Q

Ego

A

functions according to reality; takes into account present and future consequences

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5
Q

Superego

A

takes in the rights and wrongs of society

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6
Q

conscience

A

internal value system

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7
Q

ego-ideal

A

person’s internalized perfect gender identity

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8
Q

tertiary process thinking

A

139

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9
Q

fixation

A

get stuck in stage

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10
Q

age-defined

A

Erickson’s stages

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11
Q

behaviorally defined

A

Freud’s stages

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12
Q

Freud

A

psychosexual stages

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13
Q

regression

A

can go back to stage

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14
Q

oral stage

A

teething, eating

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15
Q

anal stage

A

toilet training (1 1/2-3yrs old)

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16
Q

phallic stage

A

masturbation (3-7yrs old)

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17
Q

latency

A

libido is like “what is going on” and shuts down (7-11yrs old)

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18
Q

genital stage

A 
sexual maturity (age 11)
interest in the opposite sex/reproduction
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19
Q

oral aggressive

A

using mouth to attack other people before you are attacked

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20
Q

oral dependent

A

uses their mouth to constantly wine and ask people to do stuff for them

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21
Q

anal expulsive

A

don’t worry about it attitude

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22
Q

anal retentive

A

fixating on time aka Will

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23
Q

Oedipus Complex

A

castration anxiety

-little boy realizes that “dad was the one who cut penises off person trying to steal mom

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24
Q

Oedipus Complex/castration anxiety

A

castration anxiety

-little boy realizes that “dad was the one who cut penises off person trying to steal mom

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25
Q

Electra Complex/penis envy

A

when girl does what mom says/does and develops mom’s internal values to get dad to like her

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26
Q

psychosocial crisis

A

notion that throughout development, behavior develops along a continuum and the ends of that continuum give you name of stage and identify what psychosocial crisis is

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27
Q

trust vs mistrust

A

way caregivers treat you; don’t want 100%

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28
Q

autonomy vs doubt

A

autonomy: trust myself/independence
doubt: negativistic, reverse psychology (shame)

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29
Q

initiative vs guilt

A

initiative: something needs to get done so you do it because you learned it
guilt: have child feel guilt when they do something accidently

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30
Q

industry vs inferiority

A

industry: ability to get work done; capable of doing work, follow through
inferiority: as kids, if someone got a 98 and you got a 99, you would make fun of them, but now as adults, we hide that and don’t say that they are stupid.

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31
Q

identity vs role confusion

A

-who am I and what am I doing with my life

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32
Q

intimacy vs isolation

A

intimacy: I care about, you care about me; mutuality
isolation: I don’t care about anyone; no mutual relationship

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33
Q

generativity vs self absorption

A

generativity: concern for future generations of the world

self-absorption: only care about me; whats good for me

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34
Q

integrity vs despair

A

integrity: have I done what I wanted to do with my life
despair: didn’t do what you wanted to do

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35
Q

piaget

A

cognitive (intellectual) theorist

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36
Q

assimilation

A

responding to new stimulation and using it to already existing manner
ex: dada
not mailman, milkman, other men

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37
Q

accommodation

A

change in response to benefit real world

ex: differences in birdies; airplanes; kites;

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38
Q

accommodation

A

change in response to benefit real world

ex: differences in birdies; airplanes; kites;

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39
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

starts at birth -1 1/2 yrs of age) 1st stage of piaget

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40
Q

imagery

A

(actually don’t see until 6 months)

having a mental picture

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41
Q

habituation

A

individual will stop responding to same stimulus that’s repeated

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42
Q

dishabituation

A

infant will start responding again if a new slightly different stimulus is presented after habituation has occurred.

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43
Q

object permanence

A

objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, touched, etc

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44
Q

preoperational stage

A

2nd stage of piaget

egocentrism

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45
Q

negativistic

A

they want to do what they want to do and favorite word is no

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46
Q

symbolism

A

using symbols with getting what you want

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47
Q

conservation of mass

A

(7)

looks at two cups with same amount; pour one into taller cup and they will say taller cup is bigger and has more

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48
Q

conservation of weight

A

(9) something stays the same in quantity even though its appearance changes.

49
Q

conservation of volume

A

(11) realizes they are the same even if appearance changes; looks at three dimensions not surface area

50
Q

conservation of volume

A

(11) realizes they are the same even if appearance changes; looks at three dimensions not surface area

51
Q

seriation

A

refers to the ability to sort objects or situations according to any characteristic, such as size, color, shape, or type.

52
Q

concrete operational

A

3rd stage of piaget

53
Q

abstract thought

A

tell them how you get home rather them having to show you concretely

54
Q

formal operational

A

4th stage of piaget
(11-end of life)
if you took course recently, you can think quicker and if you have done it a lot, it comes easier

55
Q

moral realism (objective morality)

A

under 7

no intentions, just consequences

56
Q

moral relativism (subjective morality)

A

over 7

intentions matter more than consequences

57
Q

Kohlberg

A

moral development theorist

58
Q

preconventional level

A

(1st stage of Kohlberg)usually 4-9)

level that is present at birth

59
Q

obedience-punishment orientation

A

(1st substage of preconventional )follow rules to avoid punishment

60
Q

naively-egoistic orientation

A

(2nd substage of preconventional)

do things to get good stuff for yourself

61
Q

conventional level

A

2nd stage of Kohlberg

cant get in until 9, but out at least at 16)

62
Q

good-boy-nice girl orientation

A

(1st substage conventional)do it for the approval of others (teens want approval from peers)

63
Q

authority-social order maintenance order

A

(2nd substage conventional) mankind is full of coas and laws are there to keep order

64
Q

post-conventional level

A

(3rd stage of Kohlberg) (10% of population)

65
Q

contractual-legalistic orientation

A

(1st substage of post conventional)

laws and authority figures are in charge because we chose them to be; we may not necessarily agree

66
Q

conscience-principle orientation

A

individual does something because they honestly believe it is the right thing to do

67
Q

Pavlov

A

(classical conditioning)
two stimuli paired together until they care to be responded to in the same way
ex: wait until dad comes home; punishment =dad

68
Q

skinner

A

(operant (instrumental) conditioning) learning by reinforcement; requiring response to come closer to desired response before reinforcement

69
Q

successive approximation (shaping)

A

reinforce it but require more each time to get what you really want at the end

70
Q

Bandura

A

observational (social) learning; modeling

learning by watching others

71
Q

prenatal development

A

40 weeks

72
Q

ovum and sperm

A

gametes ; haploid 23 chromosomes

73
Q

ovum +sperm

A

zygote; diploid 46 chromosomes

74
Q

sex cells

A

gametes=ovum, sperm- each have 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome

75
Q

androsperm

A

y-carrying

76
Q

gynosperm

A

x-carrying

77
Q

punk chromosome

A

misses part of strand; missing genetic material

78
Q

sex-linked traits

A

hemophilia (blood doesn’t clot normally so you bleed profusely with biggest cut)
color-blindness
recessive traits
carried on x chromosome

79
Q

conception

A

fertilization

80
Q

fallopian tube

A

where eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus

81
Q

period of the ovum (gamete)

A

1st 2 weeks after conception. 
 Ends with implantation.
 Period of rapid multiplication, no differentiation

82
Q

period of the embryo

A

2-8 weeks after conception.
 Period of rapid cell differentiation.
 All organs form properly or they never will.
 Critical Period of Prenatal development.
 TERATOGENS.

83
Q

period of the fetus

A

8-40 weeks after conception
 Period of rapid growth. (10 inches at 20 weeks; 
 20 inches at 40 weeks) Gestational age
 Quickening.
 Cutoff for viability (24 weeks; 500 grams)

84
Q

implantation

A

attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall; 11-15 days after conception

85
Q

cell differentiation

A

specialization of cells to perform tasks (one week after conception)

86
Q

critical period

A

embryonic period because of teratogens

87
Q

inner mass of embryo

A

Ectoderm - outer layer of the baby
 skin, hair, nails, nervous system • Mesoderm - middle layer of the baby -
 muscles and bones - includes circulatory and excretory systems • Endoderm - inner layer of the baby -
 all other internal organs and glands
 – i.e., stomach, lungs, pancreas, etc

88
Q

outer mass of embryo

A

Amnion = amniotic sac - contains amniotic fluid - tested in amniocentesis. • Chorion = membrane developing into
 Placenta (2 way filter between mom + baby)
 Umbilical Cord = lifeline between mom and baby

89
Q

amnion-amniotic sac

A

bag or envelope that contains a clear fluid where the developing embryo floats

90
Q

amniocentesis

A

done at 16 weeks or later
 - yields Karyotype (chromosomal map)

91
Q

chorion

A

gives placenta and umbilical cord

92
Q

placenta

A

filter that attached to mom

93
Q

umbilical cord

A

life line tunnel where all nutrients pass through

94
Q

chorionic villi sampling

A

done as early as 6 weeks after conception.
 -yields Karyotype.

95
Q

karotype

A

chromosomal map; tell if there is broken or damaged chromosomes; the one way to tell the sex of the baby;

96
Q

ultrasound (sonar)

A

sound waves that you can see problems with organs and limbs and size of pelvis

97
Q

gestational age

A

describe how far along the pregnancy is

98
Q

quickening

A

first fetal’s movement

99
Q

cut off for viability

A

24 weeks; 500 grams approximate

100
Q

surfactant

A

chemical substances produced by fetus that coats the lung and decreases surface tension (survanta)

101
Q

tocolytic agents

A

drugs that stop labor

102
Q

meconium

A

dark green substance that can go into amniotic fluid

cant go to lungs because it will destroy lung cells

103
Q

thalidomide (phocomelia)

A

medication that caused severe limb deformity

104
Q

D.E.S

A

no miscarriage drug; caused cervical cancer 25 yrs later

105
Q

tetracycline

A

antibiotics

106
Q

phenobarbitol

A

tranquilizer/anti convulsant for those with seizure disorders

107
Q

hallucinogens

A

LSD, causing chromosomal damage, defective child

108
Q

cocaine

A

affect organs and cause placenta to detach prematurely

109
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

baby exposed to mother who dinks during pregannacy; high pitched cry; FLK, funny looking kids; be very irritable and as they get older; they are extraordinarily hyperactive

110
Q

teratogens

A

smoking, drugs, caffeine

111
Q

cathode ray tubules

A

teratogenic; the radiation; type of radiation from TV sets

112
Q

german measles (rubella)

A

cause deafness and heart defects

113
Q

IDM (infant of diabetic mother)

A

mothers who are diabetic or mothers who aren’t diabetic, babies could have gestational diabetes or they could get diabetes during pregnancy

114
Q

HIV/AIDS

A

no way to cure it; check to see if there are HIV antibodies; sometimes it passes through placenta and sometimes no

115
Q

herpes

A

embryonic CNS disease; do C-section before membrane ruptures; spread on contact

116
Q

gonorrhea

A

causes blindness exposed at time of delivery

C-section to avoid contact in birth canal

117
Q

syphilis

A

treated with penicillin; turned into dementia

destroys CNS in offspring

118
Q

adrenaline

A

affects CNS and CNS of babies

Psychology 230 (2 decks)

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